Kin 233 - Midterm

We conceptualize sport as western because...

We conceptualize sport as western because...

almost every sport came out of Western Europe

Western Sports

Soccer, baseball, cricket, basketball etc.

Non

Western Sports

What did sport encourage for men?

Sport encouraged men to know how to fight

Are sports gendered?

yes

Men's Sports

Women's Sports

Different because they reflected what societies viewed of women and what they should be doing

T/F

Indigenous societies all function differently

what is a difference in Indigenous Societies?

Different people/groups and what activities they do

Who was the first democratic society?

Blackfoot

Womens sport reflected womens roles

Seminomadic

Lacrosse

Europeans came to canada

They didn't understand Indigenous people but understood their sport ideas

Western Notions of Societal Development

They are linear and the west at the front

Linear societal development theory

Says that the process is linear and as you develop you develop down the line ex.) human development (baby, toddler etc.)

Linear societal development theory pt. 2

hunter gathers

Line of Societal development ties together with

Recent western idea of progress is a universal good

Where do you want to be on the line?

Further down

British and french thoughts on Indigenous Ppl

The Columbian Exchange

Brought the arrival of diseases and food

Virgin soil epidemics

For all intents and purposes of virgin soil when a disease encounters a group of people who have never encountered that disease

Terra Nullius

Land belonging to no one

how much of the population was wiped out because of illness

low estimate 50% and high 90%

oral testimony

the way indigenous people pass down their knowledge

Disease and oral testimony

bad combo because disease strikes elders first

Colonies

disease shattered the civilization of Americas and led to the establishments of european colonies (13)

New France

Is a close copy of France which will affect sport (microcosmos)

Card playing and racing (French

Canadians)

Natural Resource Extraction

Farmers and fur traders

Bush masculinity

idea that real man can survive in the bush

Middle class man

working

Sport differentiating classes

sports became a tool to separate classes from one another

Conquest 1760

British defeated and conquered the French in North America

How did the French

Canadians view the British?

French sport

emphasizes lower class values

Who are the loyalists

English people who became middle class

anti

americanism

Order and Stability

british values underline how we celebrate and how you play the game. you have to win right or no stability or order

British Ideas of Gender Role and How They Should Participate

Full colonization of aboriginal people begins

Taverns, Garrison, and Clubs

middle class people go to ?

go to clubs

lower class people go to?

go to taverns

Upper class people go to?

host parties

Class stratify

serve expensive alcohols in the clubs and cheap alcohol in taverns

Upper class

duels

Lower class

physical fights

Hunting for sport

upper class because they were looking for the trophy size

hunting

lower class because they needed to hunt for food

Class and gender influence on sport and leisure

first clubs in Canada

Royal Montreal curling club

clubs became what?

Hubs for organized sport

Growth of Middle Class

grew because of the professionalization of various occupations

beginning of organized sport and infrastructure

industrial revolution

Sport equipment

costs drop during the industrical revolution because they can mass produce the equipment

Urbanization

people moving from rural to urban cities because of industrialization

Cities hit a Critical Mass

cities had more infrastructure for sports, and people to organize the sports

which city was the first critical mass

montreal

Railways

intercity competition

Medium

industrial revolution results in high wealth

Social Gospel Movement

protestants moved away from the church because they believed you cant wait to die to get to heaven but you need to make earth as heaven like

amateur ideal of sport

sports should be amateur because money corrupts

Montreal Amateur Association

founded in 1881 started to pass rules

Professional ideal

changed to professional because people liked winning and people liked watching people win

Professional sport

costs a lot of money

lacrosse

indigenous sport

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763

Mohawks

there were several Mohawk nations close to montreal who played a lot of lacrosse

Montreal club

1856

George Beers

father of lacrosse sets out a set of rules in the Montreal paper and everyone starts to use them

How to make men strong

Muscular Christianity

The view that vigorous physical expression was not incompatible with spiritual life. Also, there was the view that young urban boys, in particular, needed socializing to become real, not effeminate, men. Physical health achieved by way of being a muscular Christian was also a condition of a successful life.

Lacrosse grows in popularity

becomes the national summer sport

Sport took community connotations

Box Lacrosse

This is an indoor, professional version played primarily in Canada and the Northeast. professional very quickly

baseball

grew mainly in Southern Ontario because it is American

George Sleeman

Helped bring wealth in the center of Canada for baseball

Sir Alex Ferguson

Homes of baseball in Canada

Toronto and Montreal

Jackie Robinson

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

Hockey

Started similarily to Lacrosse

Hockey started to grow with what?

Nationalism

Hockeys popularity

Became popular because it was different

Resource Boom

Mines and mining companies had lots of money so they would bring players to their towns and make teams

who played hockey?

lower class

Football Rugby

Harvard

McGill game

Spread through Ivy Schools

develops into a different sport

Grey cup was donated by?

Albert Henry George Grey

Rugby

popular in Great Britain

Soccer

Modernization

Organized sports became modernized

Modernization

Ned Hanlan

Louis Rubenstein

Louis Cyr

Barbara Ann Scott

Maurice Rocket Richard

Ben Johnson

Wayne Gretzky