Mrs. Patterson - High School Chemistry

What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of matter.

What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

What is the one thing that has no mass and takes up no space?

Light

Who was the first to say air has mass?

Aristotle

What is the standard system of measurement?

The Metric System

What is the difference between weight and mass?

Mass measures how much matter is in an object. Weight measures how hard gravity is pulling on that object.

What is metric unit of weight?

Newtons

What is volume?

How much space an object occupies

What are the metric and English units for mass?

Gram (g), Slug (sl)

What are the metric and English units for distance?

Meter (m), Foot (ft)

What are the metric and English units for volume?

Liter (L), Gallon (gal)

What are the metric and English units for time?

Seconds (s)

Micro

0.000001

Milli

0.001

Centi

0.01

Deci

0.1

Deca

10

Hecta

100

Kilo

1,000

Mega

1,000,000

How do we convert between units?

Factor-label method

How many centimeters (cm) are in an inch (in)?

2.54 cm

How many kilograms in a slug?

14.59 kg.

How many liters in a gallon?

3.78 L.

What is a derived unit?

A derived unit is a unit that results from a mathematical combination of SI base units.

1 cubic centimeter (cc) is the same as ___?

1 milliliter (mL.)

What is the first rule of measuring?

Always start at the number 1, not 0, in case the ruler is old and worn at the edges.

What tool do chemists use to measure volume?

A graduated cylinder

What is accuracy?

An indication of how close a measurement is to the true value.

What is precision?

An indication of the scale on the measuring device that was used.

What is the first rule of significant numbers?

All non-zero digits are significant.

What is the second rule of significant numbers?

All zeros in front of the first 1-9 digits are not significant.

What is the third rule of significant numbers?

All zeros between two significant numbers are significant.

What is the final rule of significant numbers?

All zeros at the end of the number and to the right of the decimal point are significant.

What is the first rule of scientific notation?

Place only 1 digit (not a zero) in front of the decimal point.

What is the second rule of scientific notation?

Only significant figures go in front of the multiplication sign.

What is the rounding rule of adding and subtracting significant figures?

When adding and subtracting measurements, round your answer so it has the same precision as the least precise measurement in the calculation.

What is the rounding rule for multiplying and dividing with significant figures?

When multiplying and dividing measurements, round your aswer so it has the same amount of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures

What two temperature units do chemists use?

Kelvin or Celsius

What is the formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius?

C = 5/9 (F) - 32

What is the formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

9/5 (C) + 32

The formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin

K = C + 273.15

What is a significant figure?

Each of the digits of a number that are used to express it to the required degree of accuracy, starting from the first nonzero digit.

What is the difference between scientific theory vs law?

Scientific laws are rules for how nature will behave under certain circumstances, and it tells you why something is happening. Theories are a comprehensive explanation based on evidence that predicts a feature of nature; predicts how or why something is happening.

What is the formula for converting Kelvin to Celsius?

C = K - 273.15.

Why is scientific notation useful?

It allows us to express very large or very small numbers easily with smaller room for error.

What is the scientific process?

The scientific process is a systematic way of analyzing a problem.

What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested

What is a controlled experiment?

An experiment in which only one variable is changed