Organization of the Body and Related Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts in the organization of the body, anatomical terms, tissue types and their functions, the integumentary system, and basic skeletal information, assisting in understanding for the exam.

What are the two halves the transverse plane cuts the body into?

Superior and Inferior.

What plane divides the body into unequal right and left halves?

Para sagittal plane.

What are the components of a feedback system?

Stimulus, Receptor, Integrating center, Effector, Response.

What is the integrating center in the body?

The Brain.

In the example given, what is the stimulus when we exercise?

Increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood.

In the example given, what is the response to the increase in carbon dioxide?

The brain stimulates the lungs to increase respiration.

What is the difference between positive feedback and negative feedback?

Positive feedback enhances a change, while negative feedback counteracts a change.

What is classified as vascular connective tissue?

Blood.

Which type of tissue has the ability to regenerate?

Epithelial tissue.

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Protection, Absorption, Filtration, Secretion.

How is epithelial tissue classified?

According to the number of cell layers and cell shape.

Which type of epithelial tissue allows for expansion and stretchability?

Transitional epithelium.

What type of connective tissue reduces heat loss and serves as energy reserve?

Adipose tissue.

What type of tissue moves bones?

Skeletal muscle tissue.

Why do mature red blood cells lack a nucleus?

To carry more oxygen by allowing more space for hemoglobin.

Which type of tissue is involved in the secretion and movement of mucus?

Ciliated epithelium.

What allows the skin to be waterproof?

The presence of keratin.

What is the function of skin?

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and material protection.

Which gland regulates body temperature?

Sweat glands.

What is the integumentary system composed of?

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Why does a tan begin to fade when not exposed to sunlight?

Due to the loss of melanin production.

Which part of a bone produces blood cells?

Bone marrow.

What is the significance of the periosteum?

It provides a surface for muscle attachment and contains blood vessels for nutrient supply.

How do osteoclasts regulate calcium homeostasis?

By breaking down bone to release calcium into the bloodstream.

Which type of joint allows for flexion and extension only?

Hinge joint.

Provide an example of synovial joint in the body.

Ball-and-socket joints like the hip or shoulder.

What type of graph is used to compare two data sets?

Bar graph.

Which variable is plotted on the x-axis?

Independent variable.

Which variable is plotted on the y-axis?

Dependent variable.