Unit 2: Biodiversity

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23 Terms

1

Biodiversity

The number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region or ecosystem

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2

Species Richness

The number of different species found in an ecosystem

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3

Law of Tolerance

The degree to which living organisms are capable of tolerating changes in their environment

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4

Law of the Minimum

Living organisms will continue to live, consuming available materials until the supply of these materials is exhausted

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5

Theory of Island Biogeography

A field that studies species richness and diversification in isolated communities

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6

Ecosystem Services

Benefits that humans receive from the ecosystems in nature when they are functioning properly

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7

Provisioning Services

Water, food, medicinal resources, raw materials, energy, and ornaments

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8

Regulating Services

Waste decomposition, detoxification, purification of water, pest / disease control, regulation of prey populations, carbon sequestration

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9

Carbon Sequestration

Process of storing carbon in a carbon pool

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10

Cultural Services

Scientific, educational, therapeutic, recreational, spiritual, and cultural use

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11

Supporting Services

Primary production, nutrient recycling, soil formation, pollination

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12

Keystone Species

A species that maintains the biotic balance in a community

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13

Indicator Species

Species that are used as a standard to evaluate the health of an ecosystem; sensitive to biological changes within an ecosystem

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14

Indigenous Species

Those that originate and live / occur naturally in an area or environment

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15

Invasive Species

Introduced species that have a lack of natural predators, thus spreading rapidly

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16

Ecological Succession

If changes that take place in a geographic area are predictable ones that can be described

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17

Primary Succession

Ecological succession that begins in a virtually lifeless area

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18

Secondary Succession

Ecological succession that takes place where an existing community has been cleared

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19

Pioneer Species

Organisms in the first stages of either primary or secondary succession

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20

Climax Community

Final stage of succession; balance between abiotic and biotic components of the community

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21

Habitat Fragmentation

Size of an organism’s natural habitat is reduced or isolated

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22

Edge Effect

Greater species diversity and biological density at ecotones than the interior of an ecosystem

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23

Result of Changing a Boundary of a Habitat

A new edge is formed; pre-existing edge and interior habitats are damaged

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