Studied by 20 people
primary roles of the cardiovascular system
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and to transport carbon dioxide from the tissues to lungs
To transport nutrients from the digestive system to the other areas in the body and to transport waste products from sites of production to sites of excretion.
Thermoregulation (constant body temperature)
Prevention of infection
the heart
a double pump divided into right and left by the interventricular septum
right heart
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation)
left heart
pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body (systemic circulation)
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
veins
carry blood towards the heart
arterioles
regulate blood distribution to various tissues of the body
capillaries
responsible for the exchange of gases and nutrients with the tissues
coronary circulation
blood is supplied to the cardiac muscle tissue through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries
lub
closing of atrioventricular valves
dub
closing of semilunar valves
blood pressure
the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries
systolic
pressure observed in the arteries contraction phase, when the pressure lessens to a point where blood flow continues, and you hear the first sound
diastolic
pressure observed in the arteries during relaxation phase, once the sound stops completely and blood continues to flow as normal
normal BP
120mmHg over 80mmHg
hypertension
greater than 140mmHg over 90mmHg
factors affecting BP
diet, hydration, training, response to stimuli
plasma
fluid component of blood (mostly water)
red blood cells
transport O2, CO2, nutrients, and waste in the blood
white blood cells
destroy foregin elements, are critical in the function of the immune system
platelets
regulate blood clotting
hemoglobin
protein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color
excitation of the heart
The cardiac muscle cells are excitable, and with electrical stimulation they contract. The contraction of the heart leads to the pumping of blood
SA node
where electrical signals are initiated, leading to the contraction of the heart. AKA the heart’s “pacemaker”
basic electrical signal path
SA Node --> AV Node --> Bundle of His --> Right and left bundle branches --> Purkinje fibres
cardiac output (Q)
the volume of blood pumped of the left ventricle in 1 min
heart rate (HR)
the number of times the heart beats in 1 min (bpm)
stroke volume (SV)
the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat
effect of training the heart
ventricular walls become thicker and volume of blood within the ventricle increases (more forceful contraction)
skeletal muscle pump
each contraction compresses the veins, making the blood flow towards the heart
thoracic pump
difference in pressure pushes blood from veins in the abdominal cavity into veins in the thoracic cavity
the nervous system
Sends a signal to veins --> veins constrict, forcing more blood back to the heart
effect of training on blood
increases blood volume, which creates more RBC and increased Q
bradycardia
abnormally slow heartbeat (less than 60bpm)
Note 
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