Summary Notes on Turkish Law for Non-Law Students

Law

A set of enforceable rules that govern the conduct of individuals and organizations within society.

Mandatory Laws

Laws that require individuals to act in a certain manner (e.g., laws against theft).

Prohibitive Laws

Laws that forbid individuals from engaging in specific behaviors (e.g., laws against murder).

Permissive Laws

Laws that allow individuals the freedom to act without interference (e.g., contract law).

Public Law

Deals with issues that affect society at large, including constitutional and administrative law.

Private Law

Governs relationships and disputes between individuals or organizations, such as contracts and torts.

Constitutional Law

Establishes the framework of the state and the rights of individuals, ensuring the protection of civil liberties and human rights.

Criminal Law

Defines crimes against the state and the community, outlining punishment for offenders.

Civil Law

Addresses legal disputes between private parties, establishing frameworks for individual relationships.

Unjust Enrichment

Occurs when one party benefits at the expense of another without legal justification, leading to claims for restitution.

Tax

Enforceable contributions imposed by the government on individuals and corporations, classified into direct and indirect taxes.