2ND_QUIZ PATHOLOGY (1st page up to whole Staphylococci)

1st page up to whole Staphylococci

Pyogenic Cocci

1.       Staphylococci

2.       Streptococci

3.       Pneumococci

4.       Meningococci

5.       Gonococci

The following Infectious Bacteria are designated as? since they classically evoke/produce suppurative exudation and cause abscesses.

Pus

1.       Staphylococci

2.       Streptococci

3.       Pneumococci

4.       Meningococci

5.       Gonococci

All these bacteria have in common the capacity to localize in many sites in the body and to destroy cells locally and to produce

STAPHYLOCOCCI

• Is a genus of gram-positive bacteria that are potential pathogens causing local lesions and serious infection that grow in grape-like clusters

Staphylococcus Aureus

• a pathogenic species that causes suppurative infections and systemic disease and whose toxins causes food poisoning and toxic shock.

• one of the most common causes of suppurative infection in man and remain viable for months after drying and are able to resist the effect of disinfectants and they are resistant to many antibiotics.

Staphylococcus Albus

• are spherical gram-positive organisms and is generally non-pathogenic, but in debilitated patients, it may cause disease.

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

• commonly found on normal skin and incudes many pathogenic strains.

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

• usually non-pathogenic form that sometimes causes UTI.

• Penicillin G and other antibiotics including Streptomycin, Tetracycline and Erythromycin.

• Staphylococci are pointed out to be resistant to ?

• it is difficult to control with antibiotic therapy.

• Disease caused by S. Aureus is not only common, but it is frequent serious because?

TRUE

• Most Staphylococcal involvements begin as suppurative skin infection which may spread from the skin through the bloodstream to cause lesions in deeper visceral structures.

PARONYCHIA

•   inflammation involving the folds of tissue around the fingernails.

FELON

• a purulent infection involving the pulp of the distal phalanx of a finger.

FURUNCLE

• painful nodule formed in the skin by circumscribed inflammation of the corium (dermis) and subcutaneous tissues enclosing a central “core” due to staphylococci entering the skin through hair follicles.

FALSE

FELON is more generally known as a “boil” – a focal suppurative inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissue.

CARBUNCLE

• necrotizing infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues composed of a cluster of furuncles usually due to S. Aureus with multiple drainage sinuses.

• is a more deeply situated infection that spreads laterally beneath the deep subcutaneous fascia (muscle) and create multiple adjacent draining skin sinuses.

Furuncle & Carbuncle

• Both ______________________ have the characteristics macroscopic and microscopic features of an abscess with focal tissue destruction and accompanying vascular and exudates reactions.

IMPETIGO

• is also known as "Bullous" type of infection or "Impetigo Contagiosum".

•   is a Streptococcal or Staphylococcal skin infection marked by vesicles or bullae that rupture and form yellow crusts, which is highly contagious but usually readily curable and most common in newborn and is usually benign.

"Bullous" type of infection or "Impetigo Contagiosum".

Impetigo is also known as ?

Bacterial Pneumonia

• inflammation of the lungs with exudation and consolidation due to bacteria chief among which are S. Aureus, S. Pneumoniae and Klebsiella Pneumoniae.

• maybe patchy (irregular appearance) and focal in the pattern known as Bronchopneumonia or less commonly, it may consolidate large confluent areas of the lung to produce "Lobar Pneumonia"

S. Aureus, S. Pneumoniae and Klebsiella Pneumoniae.

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

• inflammation of the lungs with exudation and consolidation due to bacteria chief among which are ?

Lobar Pneumonia

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

• inflammation of the lungs with exudation and consolidation due to bacteria chief among which are S. Aureus, S. Pneumoniae and Klebsiella Pneumoniae.

• maybe patchy (irregular appearance) and focal in the pattern known as Bronchopneumonia or less commonly, it may consolidate large confluent areas of the lung to produce ?

PHARYNGITIS, TONSILLITIS AND SINUSITIS

• these infections of the Oropharynx and Upper respiratory tract are less commonly caused by S. Aureus than by the Streptococcus.

• the Staphylococcal lesions are characterized by intense inflammatory responses accompanied by edema, hyperemia (excess of blood in a body part) and usually suppurative exudation.

superficial or penetrating crypt abscesses

• In Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis and Sinusitis, the mucosal epithelium is frequently destroyed with resultant ?

ACUTE ENTERITIS

• the colon may be virtually destroyed by therapeutic levels of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

• Resistant staphylococci found normally in the fecal material over-grow and totally replace the coliform (bacteria found in the intestine).

acute colitis consisting of abdominal cramps, diarrhea sometimes leading to febrile reactions, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

• Patient with Acute Enteritis develop the characteristic manifestations of ?

OSTEOMYELITIS

• is an inflammation of a bone, localized or generalized due to pyogenic infection.

• is a suppurative disorder of bone most often caused by S. Aureus.

STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING

• does not represent a true staphylococcal infection, but rather, it is an intoxication due to the ingested of preformed enterotoxins.

• symptoms of acute poisoning develop within one to several hours after the ingestion of contaminated food.

• clinical manifestations include, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and prostration (collapse) which are usually transient and the patient recovers with or without therapy in about 24 hours.

 

• nausea,

• vomiting,

• abdominal cramps,

• diarrhea

• and prostration (collapse) which are usually transient and the patient recovers with or without therapy in about 24 hours.

Clinical manifestations of STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING include?

Bacteremia

• the presence of bacteria in the blood.

STAPHYLOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA

• invasion of the body by S. Aureus is the most serious complication of any localized infection. About half of these blood infection arise from primary foci in the skin.

• While half of these is found in the intestinal tract, kidneys, lungs or bones.

1. It may consist principally of an extremely severe blood infection without the development of focal lesions.

2. Pursues a less fulminating course, but is accompanied by metastatic foci of infection in many tissues and organs.

 

Bacteremia May Follow “ONE” of Two Courses:

1. Skin                            

2. Subcutaneous       

3. Lungs      

4. Kidney

5. Heart

6. Skeletal Muscle

 

The Most Frequent Sites of these Metastatic Abscesses are:

50 and 90%.

• This clinical Bacteremic syndrome is extremely grave and the mortality is reported as between ?

1. Staphylococcus Aureus

2. Staphylococcus Albus

3. Staphylococcus Epidermidis

4. Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

Staphylococci Include: