Mitosis and Meiosis Lecture Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards comparing mitosis and meiosis, detailing inherited versus environmental differences, and outlining the stages of cell division.

Meiosis I

The first division stage that separates homologous chromosomes and includes crossing over or the exchange of genetic material in Prophase I.

Meiosis II

The second division stage that separates sister chromatids, resulting in 4 unique gamete cells.

Mitosis Purpose

Growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.

Meiosis Purpose

The production of gametes for sexual reproduction.

Somatic cells

Body cells where mitosis occurs.

Gonads

Reproductive cells where meiosis occurs.

Mitosis Daughter Cells

The production of 2 identical cells from a single division.

Meiosis Daughter Cells

The production of 4 non-identical cells from two divisions.

Diploids

Cells where the chromosome number remains the same, characteristic of mititotic daughter cells.

Haploids

Cells where the chromosome number becomes half, characteristic of meiotic daughter cells.

Genetic Variation in Meiosis

Occurs due to crossing over, unlike in mitosis where variation does not occur.

Inherited Causes

Factors determining traits such as eye color, natural hair color, blood group, and earlobe attachment.

Environmental Causes

Factors determining traits such as scars, language spoken, hairstyle, and suntan.

Inherited and Environmental Factors

Factors that both influence traits like height, body weight, and skin tone.

Mitosis Order of Stages

Interphase $\rightarrow$ Prophase $\rightarrow$ Metaphase $\rightarrow$ Anaphase $\rightarrow$ Telophase.

Interphase Chromosome Duplication

The stage before division begins where DNA/chromosomes duplicate exactly so each daughter cell receives one exact copy.