Art in the Past: Epics, Paintings, Sculptures, and Artifacts

Vocabulary flashcards covering key historical Philippine artworks, epics, sculptures, and artifacts featured in the lecture notes.

Darangen

An ancient epic song of the Maranao people, literally meaning "to narrate in song", that encompasses history, customary laws, social values, and mythical heroes.

Maranao

One of the three main Muslim groups in the Philippines, whose traditional homeland is the Lake Lanao region of Mindanao.

Spoliarium (Term)

A Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum where fallen and dying gladiators were dumped and stripped of their worldly possessions.

Spoliarium (Artwork)

The largest painting in the Philippines, an oil-on-canvas masterpiece measuring $4.22\,\text{meters} \times 7.675\,\text{meters}$ created by Juan Luna in $1884$ for the Madrid Art Exposition.

Juan Luna

A Filipino painter educated at the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura in the Philippines and the Academia de San Fernando in Madrid who created the historic artwork Spoliarium.

Antipolo Fiesta (1947)

An oil-on-canvas painting measuring $51 \times 76\,\text{inches}$ by Fernando Amorsolo depicting a joyful rural Filipino town fiesta.

U.P. Oblation

A $3.5\,\text{meter}$ concrete statue painted in bronze created by Guillermo Tolentino to express in visual form the second stanza of Jose Rizal's "Mi Ultimo Adios".

Guillermo Estrella Tolentino

A Filipino sculptor and professor named a National Artist of the Philippines for Sculpture in $1973$ who created the U.P. Oblation.

Rafael Palma y Velásquez

The fourth president of the University of the Philippines who commissioned Guillermo Tolentino in $1935$ to craft the U.P. Oblation monument.

Katakataka

A plant known in Spanish as siempre vivo (always alive) located at the base of the U.P. Oblation, symbolizing deep-rooted patriotism.

Gregoria de Jesus de Nakpil

The widow of hero Andres Bonifacio who unveiled the original U.P. Oblation statue in Ermita, Manila in $1939$.

Manunggul Jar

A secondary burial earthenware jar dating to about $890\text{--}710\,\text{BCE}$, designated as a National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines.

Tabon Cave

The cave site in Palawan (specifically Chamber A of Manunggul Cave) where the Manunggul Jar was discovered in $1964$ by Robert Fox and Miguel Santiago.

Secondary Burial

An ancient burial custom of placing the bones of a deceased person inside a jar after the body has fully decomposed.