Studied by 6 people
For AP Psych BHS Quiz 2
Memory
an active system that receives information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form, organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage
Encoding
mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage system
Storage
holding on to information for some period of time
Retrieval
getting information out
Information-processing model
Focuses on the way information is handled/processed through three different systems of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Parallel distributed processing (PDP) model
The idea that the creation and storage of memories is a simultaneous process.
Connectionism
the use of artificial neural networks to explain the mental abilities of humans.
Levels-of-processing model
The idea that a memory’s duration depends on the depth to which the information is processed or encoded
Sensory memory
the first stage of memory, selectively decides what to encode
Iconic (visual) memory
visual memory, only lasts for a fraction of a second
Partial report method
the participant is asked to recall only some of the items but they cannot know which items beforehand.
Masking
old iconic memory information being replaced immediately by new iconic memory information
Eidetic memory
the ability to access visual sensory memory over a long period of time, also sometimes called photographic memory
Microsacchades
tiny eye movements that prevent vision from adapting to constant visual stimulus
Echoic (auditory) memory
auditory memory
Short-term memory (STM)
the next stage of memory when incoming sensory information is deemed important enough to enter consciousness
Selective attention
the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input
Original filter theory
“bottleneck” between sensory memory and short-term memory, and only sensory memory important enough is allowed through.
conscious
If actively thinking about information, that information is said to be _____. It is also in STM
Two-stage filtering process
Filtering process that allows for information to be turned down but not eliminated
attenuation
information is filtered, but not eliminated, only “turned down”
Working Memory
an active system that processes information present in short-term memory
Chunking
Recoding or reorganizing bits of information into “chunks” to make it easier to remember
Maintenance rehearsal
continually paying attention to information by repeating it over and over in your head in order to keep it in STM
