CPS Unit 8

CPS Unit 8 McQuaid Jesuit

Acid

A solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions (H+). It derives from the Latin word 'acidus', meaning 'sharp' or 'sour'.

Base

A solution that has an excess of hydroxide ions (OH-). Another word for base is alkaline.

pH Scale

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 to 14.

Neutral Solution

A solution with a pH of 7, indicating it is neither acidic nor basic.

Acid-Base Neutralization

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in a mixture that is not as acidic or basic as the individual solutions.

Chemical Properties of Acids

Sour taste, conduct electricity, can corrode certain substances.

Chemical Properties of Bases

Feel slippery, taste bitter, corrosive, and can conduct electricity.

Examples of Acids

Acetic Acid (vinegar), Citric Acid (lemons, limes), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Sulfuric Acid (used in fertilizers and car batteries).

Examples of Bases

Ammonia, soaps, and other cleaning products.

Ion

A charged particle, which can be either positively or negatively charged.

Element

A pure substance made of only one type of particle.

Compound

A pure substance made of more than one element chemically bonded together.

Mixture

Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that does not appear to be the same throughout.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that appears the same throughout.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture where the solute is dissolved in the solvent.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

The substance that does the dissolving in a solution.

Physical Property

A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing its composition.

Chemical Property

A property that can only be observed by changing the substance's composition.

Physical Change

A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not change its composition.

Chemical Change

A change that produces new substances with different properties from the original.

Law of Conservation of Mass

In a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.(Mass can neither be created nor destroyed)