DHO Health Science: Anatomy and Physiology - The Endocrine System

What does ACTH stand for?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Where is ACTH produced?

The anterior pituitary lobe

Which hormone stimulates growth and secretion of the cortex of the adrenal gland?

ACTH

ACTH stimulates growth and secretion of the cortex of which gland?

Adrenal

ACTH stimulates growth and secretion of the ________ of the adrenal gland.

Cortex

What does TSH stand for?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

What is another name for TSH?

Thyrotropin

Where is TSH produced?

The anterior pituitary lobe

Which hormone stimulates the growth and secretion of the thyroid gland?

TSH

What does GH stand for?

Growth hormone (somatotropin)

What is another name for growth hormone?

Somatotropin

Which hormone stimulates normal body growth?

GH

Where is GH produced?

The anterior pituitary lobe

Which hormone stimulates growth and hormone production in the ovarian follicles of female individuals, and the production of sperm in male individuals?

FSH

What does FSH stand for?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Where is FSH produced?

The anterior pituitary lobe

Which hormone causes ovulation and secretion of progesterone in female individuals?

LH (luteinizing hormone)

What does LH stand for?

Luteinizing hormone

Where is LH produced?

The anterior pituitary lobe

Which hormone stimulates testicles to secrete testosterone?

ICSH

What does ICSH stand for?

Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Where is ICSH produced?

The anterior pituitary gland

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of milk from mammary glands after the delivery of an infant?

LTH

What does LTH stand for?

Lactogenic hormone

What is another name for LTH?

Prolactin

Where is LTH produced?

The anterior pituitary lobe

Which hormone stimulates the production and dispersion of melanin pigment in the skin?

MSH

What does MSH stand for?

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Where is MSH produced?

The anterior pituitary lobe

What is the hormone that promotes the reabsorption of water in kidneys and constricts blood vessels?

ADH

What does ADH stand for?

Antidiuretic hormone

What is another name for ADH?

Vasopressin

What is another name for vasopressin?

ADH

Where is ADH produced?

The posterior pituitary lobe

Which hormone causes contraction of the uterus during childbirth and stimulates milk flow from the breasts?

Oxytocin

What is another name for oxytocin?

Pitocin

What is another name for pitocin?

Oxytocin

Where is oxytocin produced?

The posterior pituitary lobe

Which hormones increase metabolic rate; stimulate physical and mental growth; and regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Where are thyroxine and triiodothyronine produced?

Thyroid

Which hormone accelerates the absorption of calcium by the bones and lowers blood calcium levels?

Thyrocalcitonin

What is another name for thyrocalcitonin?

Calcitonin

Where is thyrocalcitonin produced?

Thyroid

Where is calcitonin produced?

Thyroid

Which hormone regulates the amount of calcium and phosphate in the blood, increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphates from bones, stimulates kidneys to conserve blood calcium, and stimulates the absorption of calcium in the intestine?

Parathormone

What does PTH stand for?

Parathyroid hormone

What is another name for PTH?

Parathormone

Where is PTH produced?

Parathyroid

Which hormones regulate the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney and the elimination of potassium, and increase the reabsorption of water by the kidneys?

Mineralocorticoids (particularly aldosterone)

What is the primary mineralocorticoid?

Aldosterone

Where are mineralocorticoids produced?

Adrenal cortex

Where is aldosterone produced?

Adrenal cortex

Aldosterone is a type of what?

Mineralocorticoid

Which hormones aid in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; increase the amount of glucose in the blood; provides resistance to stress; and depress immune responses (anti-inflammatory)?

Glucocorticoids (particularly cortisol (hydrocortisone) and cortisone)

What are the primary glucocorticoids?

Cortisol (hydrocortisone) and cortisone

Where are glucocorticoids produced?

Adrenal cortex

Where is cortisol (hydrocortisone) produced?

Adrenal cortex

Where is cortisone produced?

Adrenal cortex

What is another name for cortisol?

Hydrocortisone

Cortisol and cortisone are types of what?

Glucocorticoids

What is another name for hydrocortisone?

Cortisol

What acts as sex hormones?

Gonadocorticoids

What are the two types of gonadocorticoids?

Estrogen and androgen

What stimulates female sexual characteristics?

Estrogen

What stimulates male sexual characteristics?

Androgen

Estrogen and androgen are types of what?

Gonadocorticoids

Where are gonadocorticoids produced?

Adrenal cortex

Where is estrogen produced?

Adrenal cortex, ovaries, and placenta

Where is androgen produced?

Adrenal cortex

Which hormone activates the sympathetic nervous system, and acts in times of stress to increase cardiac output and increase blood pressure?

Epinephrine

What is another name for epinephrine?

Adrenaline

What is the common name for epinephrine?

Adrenaline

Where is epinephrine produced?

Adrenal medulla

What activates the body in stressful situations only?

Norepinephrine

Where is norepinephrine produced?

Adrenal medulla

What is used in the metabolism of glucose (sugar) by promoting the entry of glucose into cells to decrease blood glucose levels, and promote the transport of fatty acids and amino acids (proteins) into the cells?

Insulin

Where is insulin produced?

The pancreas

What maintains the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to release stored glycogen in the form of glucose?

Glucagon

Where is glucagon produced?

The pancreas

What are the two hormones secreted by the pancreas?

Insulin and glucagon

What promotes the growth and development of sex organs in female individuals?

Estrogen

Which hormone maintains the lining of the uterus?

Progesterone

Where is progesterone produced?

The ovaries and placenta

What are the two hormones secreted by the ovaries?

Estrogen and progesterone

What stimulates growth and development of sex organs in male individuals, and stimulates the maturation of sperm?

Testosterone

Where is testosterone produced?

The testes

Which hormone is secreted by the testes

Testosterone

What stimulates the production of lymphocytes and antibodies in early life?

Thymosin (thymopoietin)

What is another name for thymosin?

Thymopoietin

What is another name for thymopoietin?

Thymosin

Where is thymosin produced?

Thymus

Where is thymopoietin produced?

Thymus

Which hormone is secreted by the thymus?

Thymosin (thymopoietin)

What may delay puberty by inhibiting gonadotropic (sex) hormones, and may regulate sleep/wake cycles?

Melatonin

Where is melatonin produced?

The pineal gland

What may stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone?

Adrenoglomerulotropin

Where is adrenoglomerulotropin produced?

The pineal gland

What may prevent the vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the brain, and inhibits gastric secretions?

Serotonin

Where is serotonin produced?

Pineal gland

What are the three hormones secreted by the pineal gland?

Melatonin, adrenoglomerulotropin, and serotonin