A&P Body Tissues

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Appearance

Flat and sheet-like, single layer

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Location

Air Sacs of lungs, the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Function

Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substance

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Appearance

Cube-like, single layer

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Location

In ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and in kidney tubules

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Function

Secretes and absorbs

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Appearance

Tall narrow pillars, single layer, usually has cilia or microvilli

Cilia

Tiny hair-like structures on tissue used to move substances in the body

Microvilli

AKA Brush Border, tiny protrusions which increase surface area

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Location

Ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus. The non-ciliated (smooth) tissue are in the digestive tract and bladder

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Function

Absorbs; Also secretes mucus and enzymes

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Appearance

“Goblet cells”, varying heights of cells, **single layer but looks like multiple

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Location

Ciliated tissue lines the trachea and a lot of the upper respiratory tract

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Function

Secretes mucus; ciliated tissue moves mucus

Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Appearance

Multiple layers of stacked flat cells

Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Location

Skin, and lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina

Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Function

Protections against abrasion (friction)

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Appearance

Multiple layers of cube-like cells packed together

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Location

Sweat glands, salivary glands, and the mammary glands

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Function

Protective tissue

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Appearance

Multiple layers of column-like cells

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Location

The male urethra and the ducts of some glands

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Function

Secretes and protects

Transitional Epithelium: Appearance

Cuboidal when relaxed, squamous when stretched, varying shapes packed together in multiple layers

Transitional Epithelium: Location

Lines the bladder, urethra, and the ureters

Transitional Epithelium: Function

Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

Histologist

Someone who studies tissues, prepares tissue

Tissue

Groups of cells with similar structure and function

Connective Tissues: Areolar Appearance

Cobwebs, most widely distributed tissue

Connective Tissues: Areolar Function

Packing tissue, contains all fiber types and soaks up excess fluid

Connective Tissues: Areolar Location

under epithelial tissue and around organs

Connective Tissues: Adipose Appearance

Fat cells, circular cells “adiPOSE” “PotaTOES”

Connective Tissues: Adipose Function

Insulates the body, protects some organs (cushioning), serves as a site of fuel storage

Connective Tissues: Adipose Location

Under the skin, around the kidneys and heart

Connective Tissues: Reticular Appearance

“Cherry blossom trees”, look like tree branches and are a network of interwoven fibers

Connective Tissues: Reticular Function

Provides structure and support for organs below (creates soft skeleton)

Connective Tissues: Reticular Location

Lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

Connective Tissues: Dense Regular Appearance

Wavy fibers running in the same direction

Connective Tissues: Dense Regular Function

Supports, protects, and holds organs in place

Connective Tissues: Dense Regular Location

Within the tendons and ligaments

Connective Tissues: Dense Irregular Appearance

“Marbled” fibers running in all sorts of directions

Connective Tissues: Dense Irregular Function

Provides strength by making the skin resistant to tearing

Connective Tissues: Dense Irregular Location

In the dermis, in fibrous coverings that surround organs and joints

Connective Tissues: Elastic Dense Appearance

Looks marbled as well, but not as disorganized as Dense Irregular

Connective Tissues: Elastic Dense Function

Enables organs and parts of organs to stretch and contract (bounce back after stretching)

Connective Tissues: Elastic Dense Location

Walls of arteries, ligaments connecting vertebrae, lungs

Connective Tissues: Bone Appearance

Like the rings on a tree trunk when cut, circular

Connective Tissues: Bone Function

To protect and support the body

Connective Tissues: Bone Location

Compact and spongy bone

Connective Tissues: Blood Appearance

Spread out, bunch of circular shapes with larger circles mixed in (white blood cells)

Connective Tissues: Blood Function

To transport materials throughout the body

Connective Tissues: Blood Location

Within blood vessels

Connective Tissues: Elastic Cartilage Appearance

All cartilage has chondrocytes (“cells within cells”), almost looks like many miniature eyes

Connective Tissues: Elastic Cartilage Function

To provide elasticity

Connective Tissues: Elastic Cartilage Location

External ear, epiglottis

Connective Tissues: Hyaline Cartilage Appearance

Most common type of cartilage, many spread out circles (not as spread out as blood)

Connective Tissues: Hyaline Cartilage Function

Helps your bones move smoothly past each other in your joints

Connective Tissues: Hyaline Cartilage Location

Articulate cartilage at the ends of bones, tip of nose, costal cartilage, trachea

Connective Tissues: Fibrocartilage Cartilage Appearance

Like a Van Gogh painting, thin wavy lines, almost blurry

Connective Tissues: Fibrocartilage Cartilage Function

To resist compression and tension

Connective Tissues: Fibrocartilage Cartilage Location

Intervertebral disks, cartilage of the knee

Types of Fibers: Collagen

The strongest fiber, flexible cable-like structure

Types of Fibers: Reticular

Thin web-like fibers

Types of Fibers: Elastic

Stretchy fibers, tree branch appearance

Ground Substance

An amorphous gelatinous material that fills the space between fibers and cells

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Appearance

Striated cells, more than one nucleus, can be controlled voluntarily

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Function

To contract and produce movement

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Location

Throughout the body, attached to bones via tendons

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Appearance

Striated cells, one nucleus per cell, “branching”

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Function

Pump blood (involuntarily)

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Location

Found ONLY in the heart

Muscle Tissue: Smooth Appearance

No visible striations, one nucleus per cell, “spindles”

Muscle Tissue: Smooth Function

To maintain blood pressure and flow, controls wall movement and diameter of hollow organs

Muscle Tissue: Smooth Location

Inside/outside hollow organs, attached to other smooth muscle cells

Nervous Tissue: Appearance

Composed of neurons and nerve support cells

Nervous Tissue: Function

To send impulses to other areas of the body

Irritability - Ability of neurons to detect and respond to stimuli

Conductivity - Ability of neurons to transmit electrical impulses

Nervous Tissue: Location

Brain and spinal cord

Nervous Tissue: Support cells and what they do

Schwann cells, made of myelin sheets, insulate, support, and protect neurons