Learn: TOP 200 MOA | Quizlet

Metoprolol Succinate

relatively selective beta-1 receptor blocker which decreases heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Metoprolol Tartrate

relatively selective beta-1 receptor blocker which decreases heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Carvedilol

nonselective beta receptor blocker with alpha1 blocking activity which decreases heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Atenolol

relatively selective beta-1 receptor blocker which decreases heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Propranolol

nonselective beta receptor blocker which decreases heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Clonidine

stimulates central alpha receptors to inhibit sympathetic vasoconstriction; results in reduced sympathetic outflow, decreased peripheral resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure

Hydralazine

interferes with calcium metabolism to cause relaxation of vascular smooth muscle to cause peripheral vasodilation

Isosorbide mononitrate

releases nitric oxide causing venous vasodilation which reduces preload and myocardial oxygen demand

Nitroglycerin

releases nitric oxide causing venous vasodilation which reduces preload and myocardial oxygen demand

Amiodarone

prolongs phase 3 of the cardiac action potential; blocks potassium channels

Tamsulosin

selectively blocks alpha-1 receptors in the prostate and bladder neck to improve urine flow

Mirabegron

beta-3 adrenergic agonist that relaxes detrusor smooth muscle during storage phase

Sildenafil

inhibits phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) which enhances nitric oxide effects and increases cGMP leading to vasodilation

Finasteride

inhibits 5-alpha reductase to prevent conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

Oxybutynin

inhibits muscarinic receptors to reduce bladder smooth muscle contraction

Acetaminophen

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS

Celecoxib

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis through selective inhibition of COX-2

Ibuprofen

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2

Naproxen

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2

Ketorolac

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2

Diclofenac

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of COX enzymes

Tramadol

binds to opiate receptors in CNS and inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Meloxicam

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis through preferential inhibition of COX-2

Gabapentin

binds to alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage gated calcium channels and modulates calcium influx in the CNS

Pregabalin

binds to alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage gated calcium channels and modulates calcium influx in the CNS

Aspirin

irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 which decreases thromboxane A2 and platelet aggregation

Omeprazole

inhibits gastric proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) to suppress gastric acid secretion

Esomeprazole

inhibits gastric proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) to suppress gastric acid secretion

Pantoprazole

inhibits gastric proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) to suppress gastric acid secretion

Diphenhydramine

antagonizes histamine H1 receptors

Famotidine

blocks histamine H2 receptors in gastric parietal cells

Meclizine

antagonizes histamine H1 receptors

Ondansetron

blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors

Promethazine

antagonizes histamine H1 receptors

Dicyclomine

antagonizes muscarinic receptors in GI tract

Docusate

increases water and fat penetration in stool

Citalopram

selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in CNS

Escitalopram

selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in CNS

Fluoxetine

selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in CNS

Duloxetine

inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Paroxetine

selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in CNS

Bupropion

inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine

Venlafaxine

inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

Amitriptyline

inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Nortriptyline

inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Buspirone

partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors

Trazodone

antagonizes serotonin receptors and inhibits serotonin reuptake

Zolpidem

enhances GABA activity at benzodiazepine receptor

Alprazolam

enhances GABA activity by binding to benzodiazepine receptors

Clonazepam

enhances GABA activity by binding to benzodiazepine receptors

Lorazepam

enhances GABA activity by binding to benzodiazepine receptors

Diazepam

enhances GABA activity by binding to benzodiazepine receptors

Olanzapine

antagonizes dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors

Quetiapine

antagonizes dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors

Aripiprazole

partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin receptors

Risperidone

antagonizes dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors

Mirtazapine

antagonizes central alpha-2 receptors and serotonin receptors

Buprenorphine

partial opioid agonist at mu receptors

Oxycodone

binds to opioid receptors in CNS to inhibit ascending pain pathways

Hydrocodone

binds to opioid receptors in CNS to inhibit ascending pain pathways

Morphine

binds to opioid receptors in CNS to inhibit ascending pain pathways

Cyclobenzaprine

acts at brainstem to reduce tonic somatic motor activity

Methocarbamol

depresses CNS activity to reduce muscle spasms

Baclofen

GABA-B receptor agonist that inhibits reflexes at spinal level

Tizanidine

alpha-2 agonist that inhibits motor neurons

Clopidogrel

inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation by blocking P2Y12 receptor

Warfarin

inhibits vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X

Apixaban

direct factor Xa inhibitor

Rivaroxaban

direct factor Xa inhibitor

Heparin

enhances antithrombin III to inactivate thrombin and factor Xa

Lamotrigine

inhibits sodium channels to stabilize neuronal membranes

Levetiracetam

binds synaptic vesicle protein SV2A to inhibit neurotransmitter release

Divalproex

increases GABA levels and inhibits sodium channels

Oxcarbazepine

inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels

Carbamazepine

inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels

Lithium

modulates neurotransmitter signaling and second messenger systems

Topiramate

blocks sodium channels and enhances GABA activity

Ropinirole

dopamine agonist at D2 receptors

Pramipexole

dopamine agonist at D2 receptors

Donepezil

inhibits acetylcholinesterase to increase acetylcholine

Memantine

NMDA receptor antagonist that regulates glutamate activity

Ferrous sulfate

replaces iron stores for hemoglobin synthesis

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)

replaces vitamin B12 for DNA synthesis

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)

increases calcium and phosphate absorption from GI tract

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)

increases calcium and phosphate absorption from GI tract

Potassium

replaces potassium to maintain cellular function

Folic acid

replaces folate for DNA synthesis

Dextroamphetamine

causes CNS stimulation and promotes release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine

causes CNS stimulation and promotes release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Lisdexamfetamine

prodrug of dextroamphetamine; causes CNS stimulation and promotes release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Methylphenidate

causes CNS stimulation and promotes release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Dexmethylphenidate

causes CNS stimulation and promotes release of norepinephrine and dopamine; more active than methylphenidate

Guanfacine

stimulates central alpha-2 receptors whic reduces sympathetic nerve transmission to the heart and blood vessles to reduce heart rate and peripheral resistance

Atomoxetine

selective inhibition of the pre-synaptive norepinephrine transporter

Phentermine

stimulates the hypothalamus to release norepinephrine

Levothyroxine

synthetic T4 hormone which is converted to T3 hormone to exert metabolic effects by supplementing endogenous T3

Desiccated thyroid

naturally derived T3 and T4 hormones that exert metabolic effects by supplementing endogenous T3

Bimatoprost

mimics natural prostaglandin to increase the outflow of aqueous humor

Latanoprost (ophthalmic)

mimics natural prostaglandin to increase the outflow of aqueous humor

Timolol (ophthalmic)

blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors to reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production and increasing outflow of aqueous humor