English Business Computing

addition

(n) the mathematical operation of combining two or more numbers to produce a sum, often used in computing algorithms

algorithm

(n) a set of logical, step-by-step instructions or procedures used to solve problems or perform calculations in computing

batch

(n) a collection of tasks or programs grouped together for processing, often automatically, without user interaction

block

(n) a group of related data or commands treated as a single unit in a program or system

calculation

(n) the process of performing mathematical operations or algorithms using software or hardware in computing

component

(n) a part or element of a larger system or device, often used to describe hardware or software modules

computer

(n) an electronic device that can process, store and retrieve data, perform calculations and communicate information

counter

(n) a variable or device used to count or track events, occurrences or operations in computing applications

cycle

(n) a single execution of a computer program or operation, often representing one complete process or task

data

(n) facts, figures or other pieces of information in a raw or processed form, used in computing systems

digital switch

(n) an electronic device used to connect or disconnect circuits, controlled by digital signals or commands

division

(n) the mathematical operation of dividing one number by another, often used in computing algorithms and functions

driver

(n) a software program that controls the communication and interaction between a computer hardware device and the operating system

electric current

(n) the flow of charged particles, such as electrons, through a conductor, used to power electronic devices

frame

(n) a unit of data used for communication or processing, consisting of a sequence of bits organized in a specific format for transmission or storage

host

(n) a computer or server that provides resources or services to other devices or users on a network, such as hosting websites, applications or data storage

integrated circuit

(n) a miniaturized electronic circuit consisting of interconnected semiconductor components, such as transistors and resistors, on a single chip

log

(n) a record or report of events, activities, or processes, often used in computing to track system or application performance, errors or user activity

mainframe computer

(n) a large, powerful computer system capable of processing vast amounts of data and supporting numerous simultaneous users or applications, often used for critical business operations or scientific computing

mechanical computer

(n) a computer system that uses mechanical components, such as gears, levers, and switches, to perform mathematical calculations or process data, predating electronic computers

memory

(n) a component in a computer or electronic device used for storing and retrieving digital data and instructions

microchip

(n) a miniature electronic circuit containing many components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, on a single chip of semiconductor material

mouse

(n) a hand-held input device used to control the position of a cursor or pointer on a computer screen

multiplication

(n) the mathematical operation of finding the product of two or more numbers, often used in computing algorithms and functions

network

(n) a group of interconnected devices that are able to communicate and share resources with each other, often using wired or wireless connections

number system

(n) a system for representing numbers, often in digital form, using a specific set of symbols or digits and a defined base

processor

(n) the central processing unit or microprocessor in a computer or electronic device, responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations and controlling the flow of data in a system

protocol

(n) a set of rules and standards that govern communication and interaction between devices or systems on a network, often used to ensure reliable and secure transmission of data and information

punched card

(n) a rectangular piece of stiff paper or card stock with holes punched in specific positions to represent data, instructions or commands for input into a computer or machine, often used in early computing and data processing systems

search engine

(n) a software tool that finds and indexes web content, providing relevant results to user queries

server

(n) a computer or software system that provides services or resources to other computers or devices on a network

stable

(adj) describing software, hardware or systems that are reliable and consistent with a low likelihood of crashing, malfunctioning or experiencing unexpected errors or downtime

storage

(n) the process of saving or retaining data, files, or other digital content on a storage device, such as a hard disk, solid-state drive, or cloud-based server, for later retrieval and use

subtraction

(n) the mathematical operation of taking one number away from another to find the difference, often used in computing algorithms and functions

switch

(n) a device used to connect or disconnect circuits, often used in computing and networking to control the flow of data or signals between devices or networks

telephone

(n) a communication device that transmits sound and speech over long distances, allowing two or more people to communicate in real-time using electric signals or radio waves

transistor

(n) an electronic device made of semiconductor materials that can amplify and switch electronic signals, used in many digital and analog circuits in computing and communication technologies

vacuum tube valve

(n) an early electronic component that uses a vacuum to regulate the flow of electrons between electrodes, commonly used in early computing and radio technology

waterfall method

(n) a sequential and linear software development approach that follows a fixed, predetermined path from requirements to testing

ALU (arithmetic-logic unit)

(n) a digital circuit in a computer processor that performs arithmetic and logic operations on input data to produce output results

analogue

(adj) relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity such as voltage, frequency or pressure

architecture

(n) the design and structure of a computer system, including its hardware components and software organization

chip designer

(n) a professional who designs integrated circuits, which are tiny electronic components that power most electronic devices

CISC (complex instruction set computer)

(n) a type of computer architecture that allows for complex and powerful instructions to be executed directly by the processor

clock speed

(n) the number of clock cycles per second of a computer processor

complex

(adj) consisting of interconnected parts; complicated or intricate in structure or design.

configure

(v) to set up or arrange computer hardware or software according to a specific set of requirements or specifications

control

(n) the management or regulation of hardware and software processes, including input/output operations, error handling and system performance optimization

convert

(v) to change from one form to another

core

(n) the central processing unit of a computer, which performs arithmetic and logic operations on data stored in memory

CPU (central processing unit)

(n) the primary component of a computer that performs arithmetic, logical, input/output and control operations

create

(v) to make something new, often using tools or techniques to bring an idea to life

decode

(v) to convert encoded information into a form that can be understood by humans or machines

decrypt

(v) to convert encoded or scrambled information into its original, understandable form using a decryption key

design

(v) create a plan or blueprint for a product, system or structure before its construction

develop

(v) to create or improve a product or software through a process of planning, designing and testing

embedded system

(n) a computer system with a specific function within a larger electrical or mechanical system

encode

(v) to convert information into a coded form for secure transmission or storage

encrypt

(v) to convert plain text or data into a coded language to ensure data security and confidentiality

fixed

(n) a value that remains constant and cannot be changed during the execution of a program

knowledge

(n) information or understanding acquired through learning, experience or research; expertise or awareness in a particular subject

miniaturization

(n) the process of making something smaller in size while retaining its original functionality or performance

mobile

(n) a portable device such as a smartphone or tablet, that can be used for communication, entertainment or productivity

multi-purpose

(n) referring to a device or tool that can be used for various purposes, rather than being designed for a single specific function

needs

(n) things that are required to live or succeed in a particular situation or environment

obsolete

(adj) no longer in use or useful, typically because it has been replaced by something newer or better

power

(v) supply a device with mechanical or electrical energy

precision

(n) the quality of being exact or accurate, often used in reference to measurements or calculations

record

(n) a collection of related data items stored and accessed together by a computer program or system

requirement

(n) something that is needed or demanded in a particular situation; a necessary condition or element

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Chips)

(n) a type of microprocessor architecture that reduces the number of instructions to increase performance

semiconductor

(n) a material, such as silicon, that has an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator

sophisticated

(adj) complex, advanced or highly developed in terms of technology, design or functionality

specialized

(adj) designed or developed for a particular purpose or function, often requiring specific knowledge or skills

stage

(n) a distinct step in a process or workflow, often used to refer to a step in a computer program or algorithm

store

(v) to save or preserve data, files, or programs in a storage device or memory for later use

system designer

(n) a person who designs computer systems, including hardware, software and network components

tolerance

(n) the acceptable range of error or deviation from a standard or expected value in computer systems, such as in data transmission or electronic circuit design

TPU (Tensor Processing Unit)

(n) an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for accelerating machine learning workloads

understanding

(n) the ability to comprehend or grasp the meaning of something, typically related to knowledge or information

API (Application Programming Interface)

(n) a set of protocols, routines and tools used by software developers to interact with a software application or service

association

(n) a relationship between data elements, objects or classes in a program or database

backup

(n) a copy of important data or files created as a safeguard against data loss or corruption

bookmark

(n) a saved link or shortcut to a web page or file, enabling quick access to the resource in the future

class

(n) in object-oriented programming, a template for creating objects with shared attributes and behaviours

CRUD

(n) a set of basic functions used in computer programming for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data in a database

data storage

(n) the process of storing and maintaining digital information in a device or a system for future use

database

(n) a collection of structured and organized data that can be accessed, managed and updated using software, allowing for efficient data storage and retrieval

database administrator

(n) a professional responsible for designing, implementing and maintaining database systems to ensure data availability, reliability and security

database engine

(n) a software component that provides an interface between a database and the software application that accesses it, allowing data storage, retrieval and modification

DBMS (database management system)

(n) a software system that enables users to create, maintain, and manage databases, providing a range of functions including data storage, retrieval, and modification

digital database

(n) a collection of digital data stored in a computer system or other electronic device, organized in a structured manner for easy retrieval and manipulation.

digitization

(n) the process of converting analog information into digital format, enabling it to be stored, processed and transmitted electronically

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

(n) a file format for images that uses lossless compression, allowing for high-quality images with a small file size, commonly used on the web

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

(n) the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web for communication between web servers and web clients, enabling the transfer of hypertext documents

identification

(n) the process of verifying and establishing the identity of a person or a system, typically through a username and password or other authentication methods

identity

(n) the characteristics, qualities or features that define a person, thing or group and distinguish them from others

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

(n) a commonly used image format for digital photos and graphics, using lossy compression to reduce file size while maintaining high visual quality

keyword

(n) a word or phrase that represents a particular concept or idea and is used to facilitate the retrieval of information from a database or search engine

LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP)

(n) an open-source software bundle that includes the Linux operating system, Apache web server, MySQL database, and PHP programming language