chapter 7 - Thyroid -Symptomatic terms/diseases.

Pituitary disorders: Acromegaly (Growth Hormone)

disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor

➡ Bones have already stopped normal growth, so features enlarge—especially the face and hands

Pituitary disorders: Gigantism (Growth Hormone)

a condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor; also called giantism

➡ Long bones are still growing → abnormal overgrowth.

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

metabolic disorder caused by the absence of or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and glucosuria

type 1 diabetes mellitus

diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival; once known as juvenile diabetes

type 2 diabetes mellitus

diabetes caused by either lack of insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin efficiently; patients may not require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder if blood glucose level is controlled by diet and exercise

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation

hyperthyroidism

a condition of hypersecretion of thyroid hormone characterized by nervousness, weight loss, rapid pulse, protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos), and goiter

Graves disease

the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by an autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the overproduction of thyroid hormones; exophthalmos is a featured characteristic

hypothyroidism

a condition of hyposecretion of thyroid hormone resulting in sluggishness, slow pulse, and, often, obesity

myxedema

advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin

infantile hypothyroidism

condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a developmental disability and short physical stature; the thyroid is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed