Science (topic test)

Identify the zig-zag line that separates the metals from non-metals/metalloids.

green+purple - metals

yellow - metalloids

blue - non-metals

red - noble gases

List five physical properties of metals

• shiny

• malleable

• ductile

• good conductors of heat

• good conductors of electricity

List five physical properties of non-metals

• dull (not shiny)

• brittle

• soft

• poor conductors of heat

• poor conductors of electricity

List at least 3 properties of Alkali metals

• solid

• soft

• shiny

• silvery-white colour

• low melting point

• very reactive

List at least 3 properties of Alkaline earth metals

• shiny

• silvery-white colour

• low melting point

• low boiling point

• reactive under vigorous conditions

List at least 2 properties of Halogens

• very reactive, especially with alkali and alkaline earth metals

• coloured and poisonous vapours

• non-metals

List at least 2 properties of Noble gases

• not reactive

• monatomic

• colourless gases

• non-metals

Describe the trend in chemical reactivity of metals going right across the periods and up the groups

Moving right across the periods and up the groups, metals become less reactive

What is the connection between an element’s electron configuration and its group number?

Elements in the same group have the same number of valency electrons

For the first 20 elements in the periodic table, what number of electrons belongs in each of the four shells?

2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, 8 in the third shell, and 2 in the fourth shell

OR 2n² where n is the amount of shells

What is the correlation between an element’s period number and electron configuration?

An element’s period number is the same as the number of electron shells it has

An elements atomic number is equal to its…

Number of protons.

(in neutral elements, it would also be equal to the number of electrons)

An elements number of neutrons is equal to its…

Mass number MINUS number of protons

What type of elements is an ionic bond between?

Metal and Non-metal

What type of elements is a covalent bond between?

Two non-metals

What type of elements is a metallic bond between?

Two metals

HCl

Hydrochloric acid

HNO₃

Nitric acid

H₂SO₄

Sulfuric acid

H₃PO₄

Phosphoric acid

H₂CO₃

Carbonic acid

CH₃COOH

Ethanoic acid

acid + base →

water + salt

acid + carbonate →

salt + water + carbon dioxide

acid + metal →

salt + hydrogen gas

NH₃

Ammonia

NO₃

Nitrate

Explain what electrolysis is

Electrolysis is when ionic substances are broken down into simpler substances when an electric current passes through them

What is an electrolyte?

An electrolyte is a substance that can be electrolysed; a substance that can be broken down into simpler substances when an electric current passes through them

Describe what happens during a metal displacement reaction

The more reactive metal will take the less reactive metal’s place in the compound

What happens to positively charged ions (cations) during electrolysis?

Cations move towards the cathode (the negative electrode). To neutralise them, they receive electrons and are reduced.

What happens to negatively charged ions (anions) during electrolysis?

Anions move towards the anode (the positive electrode). To neutralise them, they lose electrons and are oxidised.

Oxidation is…

Loss of electrons

Reduction is…

Gain of electrons

Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ →

Cu

Cl⁻ - e⁻ →

Cl