BOC Illnesses

Incubation period for Salmonella

6-72 hours

Symptoms of Salmonella

Chills, fever, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps

Common food with Salmonella

Raw/under cooked poultry, pork, ground beef, eggs, egg products, unpasteurized dairy, raw fruits/vegetables

Incubation Period of E.coli

2-10 with the median of 3-4 days

Symptoms of E.coli

Severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), vomiting, headache and fever.

Common Food Sources of E.coli

Raw or undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, untreated water, and contaminated produce.

Incubation period of Clostridium perfringens

6-24 hours, median 10-12

Symptoms of Clostridium perfringens

Diarrhea, pain/cramps, stomach bloating, gas, nausea, weight loss, loss of appetite, muscle aches, fatigue

Common food sources of Clostridium perfringens

Temperature abused food (inadequately heated/reheated) meats, stews, meat pies, gravies.
Spore forming bacteria

Incubation period of Bacillus cereus

0.5 - 6 hours where vomiting is predominant, 6-24 hours where diarrhea is predominant
Spore forming

Symptoms of Bacillus cereus

Vomiting, nausea, diarrhea (can be bloody), abdominal pain

Common food sources of Bacillus cereus

Rice dishes, pasta, dairy products, and sauces.Reheated food that is temperature abused

Incubation period for Norovirus

12-72 hours, 24-28 hour median

Symptoms of Norovirus

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever

Common sources of Norovirus

Food prepared by sick food handlers, or shellfish contaminated by sewage in water, or person to person transmission (caring for or diapering)

Incubation period of Campylobacter jejuni

2-5 days

Symptoms of campylobacter jejuni

diarrhea (bloody or water), abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting

Common Food Sources of Campylobacter jejuni

Raw/under cooked poultry, beef, pork and lamb, raw milk/dairy products, raw vegetables, shellfish, untreated drinking water

Incubation period of Listeria

3-70 days

Symptoms of Listeria

Stiff neck, confusion, headache, fever, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, muscle aches

Common food sources of Listeria

Unpasteurized dairy product and ready to eat meats

Incubation period of Botulism

12-72 hours, up to 8 days

Symptoms of Botulism

nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, drooping eyelids.
Infant symptoms: a weak cry, constipation, poor feeding

Common food sources of Botulism

Home canned foods (ex. beets, peppers, asparagus, mushrooms), stored foods (ex. oil, onions, baked potatoes), marine mammal meat

Incubation period of Staphylococcus auerous

30 minutes - 8 hours

Symptoms of staphylococcus aureous

vomiting, nausea, diarrhea (watery but sometimes bloody), cramps

Common food sources of Staphyloccus aureous

Temperature abused food, and food such as poultry, cooked mean products, milk products, canned food and bakery products

Incubation period of Shigella

1-7 days

Symptoms of Shigella

watery/bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal cramping, fever, nausea, vomiting

Common sources of Shigella

Contaminated food (food handler or contaminated water), drinking recreational water, sexual anal-oral contact

Incubation period of Yersinia enterocolitica

3-10 days

Common food sources of Yersinia enterocolitica

Pork products, raw or undercooked

Incubation period of Giardia

7-14 days

Symptoms of Giardia

gas, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, nausea/vomiting

Common sources of Giardia

Untreated drinking water (water that contains animal fecal matter)

Incubation period of Cholera

12 hours - 5 days

Symptoms of Cholera

nausea, vomiting, leg cramps, watery diarrhea

Common sources of Cholera

Drinking or eating contaminated food/water. Found in water/food that has been contaminated by an infected persons feces

Incubation period of Cryptosporidium

2-10 days

Symptoms of Cryptosporidum

Fever, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, stomach cramps/pain

Common sources of cryptosporidium

Contaminated food/water, surface water that has been contaminated with sewage/manure

What is Hep A

Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus. It’s different from other types of hepatitis, such as hepatitis B and C

How hepatitis A is spread

Spread via untreated water/sewage. Can contaminate drinking water and ingested via ice also raw/undercooked shellfish, raw/frozen fruits and vegetables.
Can also come from person to person spread

Incubation period for Hepatitis A

15-50 days

Symptoms of Hepatits A

Fever, dark urine, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, stomach cramps, jaundice

Incubation period of Hantavirus

2-4 weeks

What are the five stages of Hantavirus

1. Febrile

2. Hypotensive

3. Oliguric

4. Diuretic

5. Convalescent

What are the symptoms of Hantavirus

1-2 weeks after exposure: headache, back/stomach pain, fever, nausea, blurred vision
1-6 weeks after exposure: tiredness, dizziness, fever, muscle aches, nausea, stomach pain, coughing

What is the source of Hantavirus

Deer mouse, cotton Rat, Rice rat, white-footed mouse, red backed vole
Cause hantavirus pulmonary Syndrome

What is Legionella

Bacteria that grows in warm stagnant water which cause two types of illness in humans: Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever

Incubation period for Legionella

2-14 days

What are the symptoms of Legionnaires

Fever, cough, muscle pain, headache, pneumonia

What is Yellow Fever

A mosquito borne illness endemic to tropical areas of Africa and South America. Carried by the Aedes species of mosquito (Africa) and Haemagogus species of mosquito (South America)

Symptoms of Yellow Fever

Initial symptoms are sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, joint and muscle pain, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, back pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, dehydration

Incubation time and treatment of Yellow Fever

3-6 days for symptoms to arise. No specific treatment, but vaccine preventable

What is Dengue Fever

Mosquito borne illness that is carried and spread by infected mosquitos. Found in tropical areas like Africa, Central/South America, Caribbean, Eastern Mediterranean, South/Southeast Asia, Oceania

What is the incubation period of Dengue Fever

3-7 days

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

fever, severe headache, pain behind eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash

What is malaria

Malaria is caused by a parasite called plasmodium. It is spread when people are bite by a female anopheles mosquito that is infected with malaria parasites.

Symptoms of Malaria

Fever, diarrhea, headache, sweats, nausea/vomiting, muscle/stomach pain

Incubation period of Malaria

1-4 weeks

What is Psittacosis

Pathogen that comes from mainly parrots when their droppings, secretions and dust from infected bird feathers are inhaled.

Incubation period of Psittacosis

5-14 days up to 1 month

Symptoms of Psittacosis

fever, chills, headache, myalgia, non-productive cough, difficulty breathing. Also influenza like: back and abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and disorientation

What is lyme disease?

Disease that is caused by a tick bite from an infected blacklegged tick (deer tick) or western blacklegged tick. The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi causes lyme disease

What are the symptoms of lyme disease?

Bullseye type rash, fever, flu like symptoms

What is the incubation period for Lyme disease

3-30 days

How can you prevent tick bites/lyme disease?

Avoid areas they are often found, cover as much of your body when in grassy/woody areas, use insect repellent with DEET, check for ticks when you come indoors

What is rabies

a fatal infection from Lyssavirus that is usually transmitted through the bite on an infected animal

What are the symptoms of rabies

Early symptoms: fever tiredness, headaches, anxiety or irritability

Encephalitic: anxiety, seizers, confusion, hyperactivity, strange behavior

Paralytic: weakness and gradual paralysis, often starting near the wound site

Incubation period of rabies

3-8 weeks, however when symptoms arise death usually occurs within 7-14 days

What is the incubation period of Cyclospora

7-14 days

What are the signs and symptoms of cyclospora?

watery diarrhea, abdominal bloating/gas, fatigue, stomach cramps, loss of appetite, weight loss, mild fever, nausea.

What are the signs and symptoms of West Nile Virus?

Fever, headache, body aches, mild rash, swollen lymph glands. Serious symptoms include: rapid onset of severe headache, drowsiness, difficulty swallowing, lack of coordination, muscle weakness, paralysis.

What is the incubation period of West Nile Virus?

2-15 days