DH110 Histology Final Terms & Definitions for Biology Study

In the first 20 weeks, the prenatal mandible articulates with which bone(s)?

Incus

Malleus

Stapes

Both A and B

Both A and B

The face develops in the ____________ prenatal weeks.

first to third

fourth to seventh

eighth to eleventh

twelfth to fourteenth

fourth to seventh

Which bones support the palatine shelf?

Maxillary

Temporal

Zygomatic

Mandibular

maxillary bones

The mandible is formed from which pharyngeal arch?

First

Second

Third

Fourth

First

The heart begins beating at the end of which week?

Second

Fourth

Sixth

Eighth

Fourth

Which gland regulates the body's calcium balance?

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Pancreas

Adrenal

Parathyroid

A combination of genetic and _____ factors are associated with palatal and facial clefts.

social

behavioral

age-related

environmental

Environmental

The thyroid gland descends to the front of the trachea, attached to the tongue by the thyroglossal ________.

duct

cyst

fistula

swelling

duct

Palatal development occurs during the __________ weeks of gestation.

first to third

fourth to sixth

seventh to ninth

tenth to twelfth

seventh to ninth

Auricular hillocks develop near which location?

External ear canal

Tuberculum impar

Medial nasal process

Oronasal optic groove

external ear canal

A cleft may occur in the _______.

lip

palate

mandible

lip, palate, and mandible

lip, palate, and mandible

Each of the following is part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?Lingual tonsil

Palatine tonsil

Pharyngeal tonsil

Foramen cecum

Foramen cecum

Cleft palate is the most common facial malformation.

TrueFalse

false

The stages of tooth development occur in which order?

Bud, cap, bell

Bell, bud, cap

Cap, bell, bud

Bud, bell, cap

Bud, cap, bell

________ operates as a blueprint or pattern to guide root formation.

Predentin

The primary cuticle

Reduced enamel epithelium

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath

Predentin calcifies to form dentin within ____ hours.

12

24

48

72

24

Accessory root canals connect the __________.

cementum with the enamel

pulp with the periodontal ligament dentin with the alveolar bone proper

enamel with the junctional epithelium

pulp with the periodontal ligament

The successional lamina is vital to the development of primary teeth.

True/False

false

The mixed dentition phase occurs from approximately _____ years of age.

birth to 2

3 to 6

8 to 12

13 to 18

8-12

Which of the following defines the functional eruption phase?

The first phase of tooth eruption, which includes eruptive movements during crown formation

The final stage, which includes occlusal wear of the enamel

The process of initiation of root development into the oral cavity

The final stage, in which the teeth require adjustments relative to the bony crypt

The final stage, which includes occlusal wear of the enamel

Which of the following is clinically seen as tooth eruption?

Light and dark bands

Interlocking of the rods

Blanching of the mucosa Crystallization of the enamel rods

Blanching of the mucosa

Osteoblasts are the active cells in both the formation and degradation of the collagen fibers.

True/False

false (Fibroblasts is correct)

Which of the following best defines incremental lines?

Ridges visible on the surface of enamel

Termination of dentinal tubules in enamel

Alternating dark and light bands of enamel rod groups

Lines that result from the rhythmic recurrent deposition of enamel

Lines that result from the rhythmic recurrent deposition of enamel

Which of the following best defines perikymata?

Termination of dentinal tubules in enamel.

Alternating dark and light bands of enamel rod groups.

Growth lines visible as ridges on the surface of enamel.

Lines that result from the rhythmic recurrent deposition of enamel.

Growth lines visible as ridges on the surface of enamel.

Enamel is composed of ______ hydroxyapatite.

26%

53%

90%

96%

96%

Which of the following best defines the neonatal line?

An accentuated incremental line.

A defect caused by the misdirection of enamel rods.

Light and dark enamel rod groups, made visible with light.

A series of dark growth rings noticeable in the cross section of enamel.

An accentuated incremental line.

Lamellae are cracks in the surface of enamel and are visible to the naked eye.

True/False

True

Which of the following best defines the zone of Weil?

Cell-free region

High cell density

Concentrated plexus of nerves Large veins, arteries, and pericytes

Cell-free region

The mesiodistal size difference between a primary molar and a permanent premolar is called the ______.

Leeway space

Tissues are most susceptible to teratogens during the proliferative period.

True/False

False ( least susceptible during this phase)

Before the development of the vascular system, the viteline system provides nutrients to the embryo.

True/False

True

Which body system relies on neutral stimuli to function?

endocrine

Connective tissue proper is classified as...? (3 things)

dense, loose, or loose with special properties

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

How many days does it take the buccal mucosa to renew itself?

10-14 days

How often is the junctional epithelium of the gingiva replenished?

4-6 days

All body sensations are relayed to the ______ and the _______.

Brain; spinal cord

Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the _____ system.

autonomic

Which body system relies on neural stimuli to function?

endocrine system

What does Meckel's cartilage provide structure for?

the mandible

Which of the following is not a type of cartilage?

Dense

Elastic

Fibrous

Hyaline

Dense (its connective tissue)

Which two cellular layers fuse to form the root sheath?

inner and outer enamel epithelial shells

Internal organs (viscera) receive most of their neural impulses from which nervous system?

autonomic nervous system

Development of the upper lip depends on fuson of the philtrum and what processes?

Maxillary processes

What is the most common facial malformation?

Cleft lip

What defines the primary cuticle?

A thin film on the enamel surface of an unerupted tooth

Which permanent tooth forms from the general lamina?

molar

Fusion of the reduced enamel epithelium with the oral epithelium forms which type of connection?

junctional epithelium

Which type of dentin is formed prior to tooth function and is the major component of the crown and root of the tooth?

Circumpulpul dentin

Dentin is responsive to the environment.

True/False

True

Which of the following best defines sclerotic dentin?

a. The dentinal matrix that immediately surrounds the dentinal tubule.

b. The first dentin formed and deposited at the dentinoenamel junction.

c. Dentin directly underlying mantle dentin, comprising the bulk of primary dentin.

d. Obliterated tubules, found mainly in areas of attrition, abrasion, fracture, and caries.

Obliterated tubules, found mainly in areas of attrition, abrasion, fracture, and caries.

The granular layer of Tomes is located in the _________.

a. dentin of the root

b. dentin of the crown

c. periodontal ligament dentin.

d. cementum of the root

dentin of the root

Which of the following best defines ankylosis?

A fusion of tooth roots to the bony socket

A process that leads to tooth eruption

The removal of bone overlying the bony crypt

The eruption of a tooth into a space occupied by an opposing tooth

A fusion of tooth roots to the bony socket

Most pulpal nerve endings are located in which area?

a. Pulp horns

b. Central pulp

c. Apical foramen

d. Dentinoenamel junction

pulp horns

Which cell type is predominant in the cell-rich zone?

a. Fibroblasts

b. Osteoblasts

c. Erythroblast

d. Odontoblasts

fibroblasts

Odontoblasts produce which type of collagen?

a. I

b. II

c. III

d. IV

type I

Accessory canals can result from blood vessels that have obstructed ________ formation.

a. pulp

b.dentin

c. enamel

d. foramen

dentin

Pulpal cells ___________ with age or trauma.

a. increase

b. decrease

c. disappear

d. stay the same

decrease

Inflammation of the pulp may spread to the ______.

a. dentin

b. enamel

c. predentin

d. periodontium

periodontium

The apical foramen is slightly larger in _____ teeth.

a. anterior

b. posterior

c. maxillary

d. mandibular

maxillary

The formation of sclerotic dentin is an example of which function of the pulp?

a. Inductive

b. Formative

c. Protective

d. Nutritive

protective

Teeth only perceive the sensation of pain.

True/False

True

Which of the following best defines a cementicle?

An ovoid calcification in the periodontal ligament

Intermediate cementum lies between the ____________ and the secondary cementum

Granular layer of Tomes

Where on the root is cementum thinnest and where is it thickest?

thinnest near the cervical region, thickest at the root apex.

Why is cementum insensitive to pain?

Because it is avascular meaning no blood supply, and no nerve endings

Which arises from the dental follicular tissue?

A. Dentin

B. Enamel

C. Cementicles

D. Periodontium

Periodontium

The periodontal ligament has a width of

0.15 to 0.38 mm

_______ is (are) highly cellular, vascular, and neural

A. Oxytalan fibers

B. Interstitial spaces

C. PDLs

D. Fibrous connective tissue

Interstitial spaces

The primary function of the PDL is to do which of the following?

A. support the teeth

B. provide nutrition

C. transmit neural input

D. protect the cementum

Support the teeth

________ create and destroy collagen fibers, as needed.

A. fibroblasts

B. osteoclasts

C. macrophages

D. cementoblasts

Fibroblasts

Which pressure receptors are found in the PDL?

A. Ruffini

B. Pacinian

C. Meissner

D. All of the above

Pacinian

The jaw jerk reflex is a test for which structure?

A. Pterygoid muscle

B. Trigeminal nerve

C. PDL

D. TMJ

Trigeminal nerve

True

The PDL is thinnest in the midroot zone.

True/False

The overall general health of an individual affects the health of the periodontium.

True/False

True

What is identified radiographically as the lamina dura?

alveolar bone proper

Maintenance of the alveolar bone and cementum is reliant on which of the following?

A. Resorption

B. Tooth function

C. Routine professional dental care

D. Periods of masticatory inactivity

Tooth function

The alveolar crest is located _____ mm below the DEJ

A. 10

B. 3-4

C. 1.2-1.5

D. 2.5-2.1

1.2 to 1.5

The alveolar crest is ______ in the molar region

A. flat

B. peaked

C. rounded

D. scalloped

flat

C. Bone loss where the apical root penetrates cortical bone

Fenestration is best defined as which of the following?

A. Coronal border of the alveolar process

B. Bone loss in the coronal area of the root

C. Bone loss where the apical root penetrates cortical bone

D. Bundle of collagen fibers embedded in the alveolar bone proper

A. Bone loss in the coronal area of the root

What best defines dehiscence?

A. Bone loss in the coronal area of the root

B. Colorless, ischemic periodontal ligament

C> Compact bony lining of the tooth socket

D. Inclination of permanent teeth to drift mesially

Sharpey

Collagen fibers embedded in the alveolar bone proper are called _____ fibers

A. alveolar

B. gingival

C. Sharpey

D. transseptal

B. traumatic compression

Hyalinization of the PDL is caused by which of the following?

A. mesial drift

B. traumatic compression

C. eruption of permanent teeth

D. gradual orthodontic movement

morning

Teeth are slightly more mobile in the

A. morning

B. early afternoon

C. Late afternoon

D. evening

Respiration

Which of the following is not a function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

deepens and expands

The articular fossa undergoes which developmental change?

Presence of cartilage on the condyle and fossa.

Which feature of the TMJ helps it withstand functional stress?

environmental stress

Articular remodeling is a response to _______________.

gliding and hinge

The two movements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are____________ and ______________.

False

The articular disk is thin but highly vascular.

True/False

floor of the mouth

Lining mucosa covers which structure?

alveolar ridges

Masticatory mucosa is found on the ____________.

in the anterior regions

Oral nerve endings are most highly concentrated ________ of the oral cavity.

Sharp peak

Which of the following best describes the shape of the col between the anterior teeth?

filiform papillae

Which papillae do not house taste buds?

Circumvallate

Which papillae lie in a V-shaped sulcus between the base and body of the tongue?

inflammation

Lymphocytes, leukocytes, and mast cells are associated with ______________.

Fordyce spots (fordyce granules)

Ectopic sebaceous glands on the mucosa at the angle of the mouth are called

Eleidin Protein

What is a transparent protein which is present in the vermillion border of the lips?

True

Umami one of the five taste modalities of the oral cavity.

True/False