Statistics Review: Interpretation and Application

Nominal Data

Categorical data consisting of labels or names with no inherent order (e.g., gender, race).

Ordinal Data

Data that involves rank order, where categories have a meaningful sequence but the distance between them is unknown (e.g., rankings like private, corporal, etc.).

Interval/Ratio Data

Data that involves ordered categories where the distance between categories is defined by an accepted unit of measurement.

Descriptive Statistics

Primary functions are to organize, summarize, and simplify data.

Measures of Central Tendency

Statistics that describe the typical or central value of a dataset, including Mean, Median, and Mode.

Measures of Dispersion

Statistics that describe the spread or variability of data, including Range, Standard Deviation, and Variance.

Normal Distribution

A distribution where the Mean, Median, and Mode are all equal and centered, with data spread measured in Standard Deviations.

Inferential Statistics

Statistics used to draw conclusions about a population from samples and to test hypotheses.

Hypothesis Testing

A process involving a sample to determine whether a hypothesis is believable, focused on rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis.

T-test

A statistical test used to examine differences between means.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

A statistical method used to compare means among multiple groups.

Chi-square Test

A statistical test used to examine differences in proportions.

Pearson Correlation

A statistical measure used to assess the strength and direction of linear relationships between variables.

Multiple Regression

A statistical technique used to examine the influence of multiple variables on a dependent variable.

R² Value

A statistical measure that indicates the proportion of variance accounted for by the independent variables in a regression model.

Compliance in Self-Medication

The hypothesis tested was whether a higher proportion of subjects in the experimental group would be compliant compared to those in the control group.

Statistical Assessment Note

A note indicating to disregard an audio statement about the stats assessment being linked to the PowerPoint and that a new quiz will be available in Canvas.