Fluid-Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance

Osmosis

What is the process that moves water in and out of cells?

Plasma

What is the fluid found in blood vessels called?

Intracellular fluid

What is found within cells and makes up about two-thirds of the total body fluid?

Plasma, tissue fluid, lymph

What is included in extracellular fluid?

Filtration

What is the process that forms tissue fluid?

Serous fluid

What is the fluid between pleural membranes that prevents friction?

Hypothalamus

What regulates the water content of the body?

Urine

Which source of water loss matches the amount: 1500 mL (average per 24 hours)?

55-75%

What percentage of the human body is water?

Sweat

Which source of water loss matches the amount: 500 mL?

Exhaled water vapor

Which source of water loss matches the amount: 300 mL?

Feces

Which source of water loss matches the amount: 200 mL?

Edema

What is an abnormal increase in the amount of tissue fluid?

Osmoreceptors

What does the hypothalamus contain that detects changes in the osmolarity of body fluids?

Osmolarity

What is the concentration of dissolved materials present in a fluid?

Electrolytes

What are chemicals that dissolve in water and dissociate into their positive and negative ions?

Cations

Positive ions are called what?

Anions

Negative ions are called what?

7.35-7.45

The normal pH range of blood is what?

Buffer system

What prevents drastic changes in the pH of body fluids?

Respiratory acidosis

What is caused by anything that decreases the rate or efficiency of respiration?

Respiratory alkalosis

What is the result of breathing more rapidly, which increases the amount of CO2 exhaled?

Metabolic acidosis

What may be caused by kidney disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, excessive diarrhea or vomiting, or the use of some diuretics?

Metabolic alkalosis

What may be caused by the overuse of antacid medications or the vomiting of stomach contents only?

Cerebrospinal fluid

What fluid is found around and within the CNS?

Synovial fluid

What fluid is found within joint cavities?

Serous fluid

Which fluid is found between membranes?

Neutral

A pH value of 7 is considered what?

Acidic

A pH value below 7 is considered what?

Alkaline

A pH value above 7 is considered what?

Weak acid, weak base

A buffer system consists of what?

Drinking

Which source of water intake matches the amount: 1600 mL per day?

Food

Which source of water intake matches the amount: 700 mL per day?

Metabolic water

Which source of water intake matches the amount: 200 mL per day?