The Enlightenment

Flashcards about the Enlightenment

What did intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasize during the Enlightenment?

Reason over tradition and individualism over community values.

What intellectual movements grew out of the Scientific Revolution and Renaissance?

Enlightenment thought

What is empiricism?

The belief that knowledge comes from sensed experience, from what you observe through your experience, including through experiments.

According to John Locke, what rights did people have?

Natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of property.

What did Baron Montesquieu influence in the American system of government?

Separation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

What idea of Voltaire's influenced the U.S. Constitution?

Religious liberty

What economic system did Adam Smith's ideas provide a foundation for?

Capitalism

What is Deism?

The belief that a divinity simply set natural laws in motion.

What is conservatism?

A belief in traditional institutions, favoring reliance on practical experience over ideological theories.

What is socialism?

A system of public or direct worker ownership of the means of production.

Define classical liberalism.

A belief in natural rights, constitutional government, laissez-faire economics, and reduced spending on armies and established churches.

What did Mary Wollstonecraft argue for in 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'?

Females should receive the same education as males.

What is abolitionism?

The movement to end the Atlantic slave trade and free all enslaved people.

What is Zionism?

The desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East.