Computer Hardware and Software Overview

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts related to computer hardware and software based on lecture notes.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The component that executes instructions in a computer.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Stores program code that needs to be processed; it is volatile.

CMOS Battery

Provides power to CMOS RAM when the computer is OFF.

Southbridge

One of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a motherboard that typically implements slower capabilities.

Northbridge

The other chip in the core logic chipset that generally handles faster capabilities.

Hard Drive

The hardware that stores all digital content including documents, pictures, and operating systems.

Serial ATA (SATA)

The interface used by internal hard drives.

USB Interface

The interface used by external hard drives.

VGA

A connector for monitors, TVs, or projectors that transmits video.

DVI

A video-only connector suitable for older systems.

HDMI

A connector that transmits both audio and video signals.

Ethernet

A network interface used for Internet and cable modem connections.

POE IP Camera

A type of camera that captures video or images and relays them using a local network.

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A newer type of hard drive that uses flash memory and has no moving parts.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A type of hard drive that uses magnetically sensitive platters to store data.

Input Device

Equipment used to provide data and control signals to a computer.

Operating System (O/S)

Manages machine resources and controls access to them.

Multitasking

The ability of an operating system to run multiple programs concurrently.

Process Management

The O/S function that ensures different programs running concurrently do not interfere with each other.