Aralin 3: Tekstong Pasalita, Pasulat, at Multimodal

Vocabulary terms covering types of texts, polite expressions in Filipino culture, and strategies for effective conversation management.

Teksto (Text)

Any written statement or reading material that has a message for the reader, which can be short or long such as stories, essays, news, poems, letters, or articles.

Tekstong Pasalita (Oral Text)

Messages expressed through speaking, used in speeches, interviews, discussions, and conversations.

Tekstong Pasulat (Written Text)

Printed or written messages found in letters, essays, reports, news, and blogs; they must be clear and organized because there is no immediate response from readers.

Tekstong Multimodal (Multimodal Text)

A form of communication that combines two or more styles such as text, images, sound, and movement, found in videos, infomercials, graphic novels, films, and PowerPoint presentations.

Mabisang Komunikasyon (Effective Communication)

Communication that is not just about speaking, but is orderly, polite, and strategic to ensure mutual understanding.

Paki

An expression used to remove a commanding tone and replace it with a tone of appeal (pakikisuyo) when asking for items, favors, or services.

Po and Opo

Filipino cultural markers (including "Ho" and "Oho" for less formal settings) used to show respect to elders, strangers, or in formal occasions to show professionalism.

Paghingi ng Paumanhin (Apologizing)

An act of admitting a mistake that shows courage and integrity, including "Paunang Paumanhin" when one might interfere with others' space or time.

Paghingi ng Pahintulot (Asking Permission)

Showing respect for the space and time of the listener, such as using "Excuse me" or asking if a person is busy before starting a conversation.

Pagpapasalamat (Gratitude)

An expression that strengthens relationships and encourages a positive flow in conversation, especially when the reason for the thanks is mentioned.

Back-channeling

A component of active listening where the listener provides short confirmations to show they are still paying attention.

Turn-taking

The practice of waiting for the right time to speak by observing cues like the speaker's pause or questions to avoid overlapping or "cutting in" the conversation.

Inklusibong Wika (Inclusive Language)

A strategy to avoid arguments by using "I-statements" to state one's own perspective rather than criticizing the other person by saying "You are wrong."

Empatiya (Empathy)

Recognizing the emotions of the speaker so they feel heard and understood, making them more open to reconciliation.