Blood Vessel Lab Lecture Review-slides

Thirty-seven question-and-answer flashcards covering pulmonary, systemic, and fetal circulation, vessel structure, and major arteries and veins of the limbs, head, neck, and torso.

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs?

The pulmonary trunk

Through which vessels does oxygenated blood return to the left atrium after pulmonary gas exchange?

The left and right pulmonary veins

Name the two arteries that branch directly from the pulmonary trunk.

The left pulmonary artery and the right pulmonary artery

What artery arises from the aortic arch and splits into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries?

The brachiocephalic trunk (artery)

Which arteries supply about 75 % of the blood to the brain and are part of the Circle of Willis?

The internal carotid arteries

Into what two branches does each common carotid artery divide?

An external carotid artery and an internal carotid artery

From which larger arteries do the vertebral arteries originate?

The subclavian arteries

Through which opening in the skull do the vertebral arteries pass?

The foramen magnum

What single artery is formed by the union of the left and right vertebral arteries?

The basilar artery

What is the main purpose of the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)?

To equalize brain blood pressure and provide collateral circulation if a vessel becomes blocked

Which vein drains the cranial cavity and joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?

The internal jugular vein

Which superficial vein runs along the medial side of the upper limb?

The basilic vein

Which superficial vein runs along the lateral side of the upper limb?

The cephalic vein

What superficial vein connects the basilic and cephalic veins in the cubital fossa?

The median cubital vein

At the lateral border of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes which named vein?

The subclavian vein

Which two arteries supply the forearm and wrist after branching from the brachial artery?

The radial artery and the ulnar artery

From which artery does the superficial palmar arch primarily arise?

The ulnar artery

As it passes under the inguinal ligament, the external iliac artery is renamed what?

The femoral artery

The femoral artery continues posterior to the knee as which artery?

The popliteal artery

Which artery branches from the posterior tibial artery and supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

The fibular (peroneal) artery

The anterior tibial artery becomes what artery on the dorsum of the foot?

The dorsalis pedis artery

What large superficial vein of the lower limb empties into the femoral vein?

The great saphenous vein

At which vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

At the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4)

Which veins unite to form the superior vena cava?

The left and right brachiocephalic veins

List the three tunics of a typical blood vessel wall from innermost to outermost.

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Which vessel wall layer is chiefly responsible for vasoconstriction?

The tunica media

Compared with arteries, veins have a thicker and a wider lumen.

Tunica externa

What is the name of the small blood vessels that supply the walls of large vessels?

The vasa vasorum

In fetal circulation, what opening allows blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium?

The foramen ovale

What fetal vessel connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

The ductus arteriosus

Which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus?

The umbilical vein

After birth, the ductus arteriosus becomes what fibrous structure?

The ligamentum arteriosum

What fetal vessel directs blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava?

The ductus venosus

Which side of the fetal heart has higher pressure before birth?

The right side

Which two vessels merge to form each brachiocephalic vein?

The internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein

The left common carotid artery supplies which side of the head and neck?

The left side of the head and neck

Into which vein do the vertebral veins empty?

The subclavian vein