Child Development and Education

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to child development and education based on the provided lecture notes.

Recast

A correction method where an adult reformulates a child's incorrect speech.

Synaptic Connections

Connections between neurons that are strengthened by enriched experiences in stimulating environments.

Phonology

The study of the sound system of a language, which improves through practice talking and muscle coordination.

Food Insecurity

A lack of quality food as well as quantity, often evident in children who may show obesity despite being food insecure.

False-Belief Understanding

The ability to recognize that others may hold beliefs that are different from one's own.

Concrete Operational Stage

A developmental stage where children begin to think logically about concrete events, but not yet abstract concepts.

Asthma

The most common serious chronic disease affecting children.

Rehearsal

A memory strategy involving repeated practice, such as spelling words aloud.

Lateralization

The process during early childhood where one hemisphere of the brain increasingly controls the opposite side of the body.

Theory of Mind

The understanding that others have their own beliefs, knowledge, and thoughts.

Selective Attention

The ability to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions.

Relational Aggression

A type of aggression where harm is caused through damage to relationships or social status.

Collectivism

Cultural ideology emphasizing group goals over individual goals, often seen in non-Western cultures.

Phonological Awareness

The recognition of the sound structure of words, important for reading development.

Gray Matter

The part of the brain associated with processing information, which peaks at different times in males and females.

Episodic Memory

A type of memory involving the recollection of specific events, situations, and experiences.

Transitive Inference

The ability to understand relationships among different items, often seen in logical reasoning.

Working Memory

The ability to hold and manipulate information in mind for short periods.

Delay of Gratification

The ability to resist the temptation for an immediate reward and wait for a later reward.

Pragmatics

The social rules that govern language use and appropriate behavior in conversation.

Effortful Control

The ability to regulate one's responses and impulses.

Dialogic Reading

An interactive reading style where adults prompt children with questions to engage them in the story.

Intrinsic Motivation

Engaging in an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence.

Pediatric Recommendations for Sleep

Children younger than 6 years should get 10–14 hours of sleep.

Prosocial Behaviors

Actions intended to benefit others, such as sharing and cooperating.

Coping Strategy

Methods used to manage stress and emotional challenges.