Electronegativity and Polar Bonds

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5 Terms

1
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definition of non-polar (same charge)

there is an identical force of attraction between nucleus of each atom and shared pairs of electrons

2
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definition polar (different charge)

  • a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge - one part of molecule is negative and one part of the other molecule is positive

  • smaller molecule - closer to the nucleus so stronger attraction rather than larger molecule

3
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definition of electronegative

the relative ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

use FONClBrISCH - to know which element is the most and least electronegative

4
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Explain instaneous dipole-induced dipole (mainly in nonpolar molecules)

  • electron movement leads to uneven distribution of charge

  • dipole is induced in a neighbouring molecule

  • very weak bonds are formed - little energy needed to break due to low melting/boiling points

  • larger molecules have more electrons so stronger bonds

<ul><li><p>electron movement leads to uneven distribution of charge</p></li><li><p>dipole is induced in a neighbouring molecule </p></li><li><p>very weak bonds are formed - little energy needed to break due to low melting/boiling points</p></li><li><p>larger molecules have more electrons so stronger bonds </p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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simple definition of instaneous dipole

a temporary dipole moment that arises due to random motion of electrons