Medical Terminology Chapter 10: The Nervous System and Mental Health Learning Exercise

Matching Word Parts 1

esthet/o

feeling

encephal/o

brain

contus/o

bruise

psych/o

mind

concuss/o

shaken together

Matching Word Parts 2

mening/o

membrane covering the brain

-graphy

process of producing a picture

-esthesia

sensation, feeling

myel/o

spinal cord

radicul/o

nerve root

Matching Word Parts 3

-phobia

abnormal fear

caus/o

burning sensation

cerebr/o

brain

neur/o

nerve, nerves

-tropic

having an affinity for

Definitions

synapse

The space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ is known as a ____.

myelin sheath

The white protective covering over some parts of the spinal cord and the axon of most peripheral nerves is the ____.

dendrites

The ____ are the root-like structures of a nerve that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body.

pia mater

The ____ is the layer of the meninges that is located nearest to the brain and spinal cord.

hypothalamus

Seven vital body functions are regulated by the ____.

sympathetic

The ____ nerves are the division of the autonomic nervous system that prepare the body for emergencies and stress.

plexus

A ____ is a network of intersecting nerves.

peripheral

Cranial nerves are part of the ____ nervous system.

thalamus

The ____ relays sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex.

efferent

The ____ neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord.

Matching Structures

brainstem

connects the brain and spinal cord

hypothalamus

controls vital body functions

cerebellum

coordinates muscular activity

medulla oblongata

controls basic survival functions

cerebrum

uppermost layer of the brain

Which Word?

anesthesiologist

A physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents is an ____.

coma

A ____ is a profound state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and the lack of speech.

anxiolytic

An ____ drug is also known as a tranquilizer.

hallucination

A ____ is a sensory perception that has no basis in external stimulation.

acrophobia

An excessive fear of heights is ____.

Spelling Counts

migraine

A MIGRANE headache is characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head.

Alzheimer's

ALZHIEMER'S disease is a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language.

anesthetic

An ANASTHETIC is the medication used to induce anesthesia.

epilepsy

EPALEPSY is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity

sciatica

SIATICA is a nerve inflammation that results in pain, burning, and tingling through the thigh, leg, and foot.

Abbreviation Identification

cerebral palsy

CP

cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

obsessive-compulsive disorder

OCD

post-traumatic stress disorder

PTSD

transient ischemic attack

TIA

Term Selection

delirium

The acute condition that is characterized by confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations is known as ____.

myelitis

The term meaning inflammation of the spinal cord is ____. This term also means inflammation of bone marrow.

claustrophobia

The medical term meaning an abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces is ____.

trigeminal neuralgia

The condition known as ____ is characterized by severe, lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve.

dyslexia

The medical term for the condition also known as a developmental reading disorder is ____.

Sentence Completion

cerebral contusion

A ____ is the bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury.

anxiety disorders

The mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation are known as ____.

persistent depressive disorder

A low-grade, chronic depression with symptoms that are milder than those of severe depression but are present on a majority of days for two or more years is known as ____.

anorexia nervosa

The intense fear of gaining weight associated with voluntary starvation is known as ____.

antipsychotic

A/An ____ drug is administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, mania, and delusional disorders.

Word Surgery

an-

esthet

-ic

An anesthetic is the medication used to induce anesthesia.

somn

ambul

-ism

Somnambulism is commonly known as sleepwalking.

electr/o

encephal/o

-graphy

Electroencephalography is the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp.

par-

-esthesia

Paresthesia refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet.

poli/o

myel

-itis

Poliomyelitis is a contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord, which sometimes leads to paralysis.

True/False

True

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.

True

An absence seizure is a brief disturbance in brain function in which there is a loss of awareness.

False

A sedative is administered to prevent the seizures associated with epilepsy.

False

A patient in a persistent vegetative state sleeps through the night and is awake and conscious during the day.

True

A psychotropic drug acts primarily on the central nervous system where it produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior.

Clinical Conditions

bipolar

Harvey Ikeman has mood shifts from highs to severe lows that affect his attitude, energy, and ability to function. Harvey's doctor describes this condition as a/an ____ disorder.

concussion

In the auto accident, Anthony DeNicola hit his head on the windshield. The paramedics were concerned that this jarring of the brain had caused a/an ____.

transient ischemic

Georgia Houghton suffered a/an ____ attack (TIA), and her doctors were concerned that this was a warning of an increased stroke risk.

thalamotomy

To control her patient's tremors caused by Parkinson's disease, Dr. Wang performed a/an ____. This is a surgical incision into the thalamus.

multiple sclerosis

Mary Beth Cawthorn was diagnosed as having ____. This progressive autoimmune disease is characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath.

insomnia

After several months of being unable to sleep well, Wayne Ladner visited his doctor about this problem. His doctor recorded this condition as being ____.

aphasia

After her stroke, Rosita Valladares was unable to understand written or spoken words. This condition is known as ____.

syncope

Jill Beck said she fainted. The medical term for this brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased blood flow to the brain is ____.

hydrocephalus

The Baily baby was born with ____. This condition is an abnormally increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.

hematoma

The MRI indicated that Mrs. Hoshi had a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of her brain. This condition, which was caused by a head injury, is called a cranial ____.

Which is the Correct Medical Term?

causalgia

Persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve is known as ____.

hypnotic

The classification of drug that depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep is known as a/an ____.

conversion

A/An ____ disorder is characterized by serious temporary or ongoing changes in function, such as paralysis or blindness, that are triggered by psychological factors rather than by any physical cause.

epidural

During childbirth, ____ anesthesia is administered to numb the nerves from the uterus and birth passage without stopping labor.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The condition known as ____ is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

Challenge Word Building

neuromyelitis

Based on word parts, the term meaning inflammation of the nerves and spinal cord is ____.

meningomalacia

Abnormal softening of the meninges is known as ____.

neuroma

A benign neoplasm made up of nerve tissue is a/an ____.

encephalopathy

Based on word parts, the term meaning any degenerative disease of the brain is ____.

polyneuralgia

Pain affecting many nerves is known as ____.