Module 1: The Human Body

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Module 1: The Human Body.

Anatomy

The study of body structures and how parts relate to one another.

Physiology

The study of body functions — how body parts work to support life.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment.

Negative Feedback

A process that reverses the stimulus, such as body temperature regulation.

Positive Feedback

A process that enhances or amplifies the stimulus, such as blood clotting.

Integumentary System

Protects body and synthesizes vitamin D; includes skin, hair, and nails.

Muscular System

Facilitates movement, posture, and heat generation; includes skeletal muscles.

Skeletal System

Provides support, protection, and blood cell formation; includes bones and joints.

Nervous System

Controls body functions and communicates through signals; includes the brain and nerves.

Cardiovascular System

Transports blood and substances throughout the body; includes the heart and blood vessels.

Lymphatic System

Involved in fluid recovery and immune response; includes lymph nodes and spleen.

Respiratory System

Facilitates gas exchange; includes lungs and trachea.

Endocrine System

Produces hormones for regulation; includes glands like the thyroid and pancreas.

Digestive System

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients; includes stomach and intestines.

Urinary System

Removes wastes and regulates water balance; includes kidneys and bladder.

Reproductive System

Produces offspring; includes ovaries in females and testes in males.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers body surfaces and lines cavities; functions include protection and absorption.

Connective Tissue

Provides support and binding; includes bone, blood, and adipose tissues.

Muscle Tissue

Specialized for contraction; includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Nervous Tissue

Specialized for communication; includes neurons and neuroglia.

Adipose Tissue

A type of connective tissue that stores fat and provides insulation.

Keratinocyte

Skin cell that produces keratin for waterproofing and protection.

Melanocyte

Cell that produces melanin to protect against UV radiation.

Inflammation

The body's response involving vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

Granulation Tissue

New tissue that forms during the healing process, containing fibroblasts and new capillaries.

Scar Tissue

Tissue that replaces normal tissue after injury; may remain after scab detachment.

Malignant Melanoma

A highly aggressive skin cancer arising from melanocytes, often developing from moles.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A slow-growing skin cancer that arises from the stratum basale.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A skin cancer arising from the stratum spinosum, which can metastasize if untreated.

Rule of Nines

A method for estimating the total body surface area affected by burns.

Directional Terms

Terms used to describe the locations of body structures in relation to each other.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into right and left sections.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back sections.