Lab Safety and Basic Biology Flashcards

Flashcards covering lab safety procedures, microscope components, cell biology, and simple machines from lecture notes.

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment; worn for safety in the lab.

Diaphragm

Used for light control on a microscope.

Graduated Cylinder

Used to measure liquid volume.

Reporting Dangerous Spills

Should be done immediately to ensure safety in the lab.

Using Equipment without Training

Should never be done to prevent accidents/injury.

Data Mistake

Inform the teacher and determine if you need to start over.

Line Graph

A type of graphical representation.

Troubleshooting Skill

Identifying possible sources of error and testing possible solutions.

Conclusion Step

Making a statement based on the data.

Beaker

A type of glassware used for heating.

Cleaning Equipment

Should be done after each use.

Clear Aisles and Workspaces

Important lab safety aspect

Notify Teacher Immediately

Should be done in response to any injury.

Observations

Section in data recording.

Double Bar Graph

A type of data comparison graph.

Lower the Stage and Use Low Power

Should be done before slide removal from the microscope.

Listening to Others' Viewpoints

Important aspect of collaboration

Troubleshooting Purpose

To identify and correct mistakes.

Lab Workbook

Used for data organization.

Compound Microscope

A common type of microscope.

Altering Data

Should never be done; it is unethical.

Identifying Trends

Important aspect of data analysis.

Pie Chart

Graphical representation for parts of a whole.

Coarse Adjustment Knob

Used for focusing on a microscope.

Ignoring Conflicting Data

Should never be done, even if data doesn't support the hypothesis.

Total Magnification Calculation

Multiply the eyepiece magnification by the objective lens magnification.

Base

The bottom support of the microscope.

Adjustment Knob

Used to focus the microscope.

Eyepiece

The lens you look through on a microscope.

Power Switch

Turns the microscope on and off.

Stage Clips

Hold the slide in place on a microscope.

Arm

Used to carry the microscope.

Stage

Platform where the slide is placed on a microscope

Nose Piece

Rotating part that holds objective lenses on a microscope.

Light Source

Provides light to view the specimen in a microscope.

Objective Lens

Magnifies the specimen on a microscope.

Safety Goggles

Should be worn at all times when performing experiments in the lab.

Hypothesis

An educated guess or prediction.

Observations

Summarize the lab into a short paragraph.

Electrical Equipment Safety

It is unsafe to handle electrical equipment with wet hands.

Mixing Chemicals

Can be dangerous and must be done with caution.

Knowing Safety Equipment Location

Is critical in case of an emergency.

Lab Equipment Usage

Never use lab equipment without proper training or teacher supervision.

Procedure Exclusions

Does not list all the supplies found in the lab.

Living Things Characteristics

Made of cells, grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, use energy, maintain homeostasis.

Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Hierarchy of Structural Organization

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism.

Types of Cells

Prokaryotic (no nucleus) and eukaryotic (with nucleus).

Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Animal vs Plant Cells

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.

Semi-permeable

Allows some substances to pass through, blocks others.

Active Transport

Includes endocytosis, exocytosis, and protein pumps; requires energy.

Passive Transport

Includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion; does not require energy.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive movement of particles across a membrane via transport proteins.

Endocytosis

Process by which a cell takes in materials by engulfing them in its membrane.

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases materials to the outside.

Bulk Transport

Refers to the movement of large quantities of materials into or out of a cell.

Vesicles

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport large molecules or particles into or out of the cell.

Selective Permeability

The property of a cell membrane that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

Turgor Pressure

The pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells, helping the plant stay upright.

Plasmolysis

The process where the cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall when a plant cell loses water.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism.

Cell Membrane

The structure most responsible for controlling what goes into and out of a cell.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains genetic material.

Turgor Loss

The condition that causes a plant to wilt when it loses turgor pressure.

Digestive System

The body system that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

Circulatory System

The system that transports nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.

Respiratory System

The system responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Excretory System

The system that removes waste products from the body.

Nervous System

The system that controls and coordinates body activities.

Muscular System

The system that allows movement of the body.

Skeletal System

The system that provides structure and support to the body.

Immune System

The system that protects the body against disease.

Reproductive System

The system responsible for producing offspring.

Major Organs

The key components of each body system, such as the heart in the circulatory system.

Simple Machine

A device that makes work easier by changing the size or direction of a force.

Lever

A rigid bar that pivots on a fulcrum to move a load with effort.

Fulcrum

The fixed point on which a lever pivots.

Load

The object being moved by a simple machine.

Effort

The force applied to a simple machine.

Mechanical Advantage

The number of times a machine multiplies the input force.

Inclined Plane

A flat surface set at an angle to help lift objects with less effort.

Wedge

A simple machine made of two inclined planes; used to split or cut objects.

Screw

An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder; used to hold things together or lift.

Pulley

A wheel with a groove for a rope or cable; used to change the direction of a force.

Fixed Pulley

A pulley attached to a structure; changes direction of force but not the amount.

Moveable Pulley

A pulley attached to the load; multiplies force.

Block and Tackle

A system of two or more pulleys used together.

Wheel and Axle

A simple machine made of a wheel attached to a central axle; used to move or lift loads.

Gear

A wheel with teeth that interlocks with another gear to transmit force.

Work

The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance (Work = Force x Distance).

Force

A push or pull on an object.

Input Force

The force you apply to a machine.

Output Force

The force the machine applies to the load.

Efficiency

The ratio of useful work output to total work input, expressed as a percentage.

Friction

A force that resists motion between two surfaces.

Load Arm

The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the load.

Effort Arm

The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point where effort is applied.