Sacraments FINAL EXAM | units 1-5

Advent

4 weeks before Christmas when we wait for the birth of Jesus

Ordinary time

Longest season of the liturgical year, “ordinary” in the sense that the weeks are numbered

christmas

jesus’ birthday

Paschal Mystery

The work of salvation was accomplished by Jesus Christ mainly through his Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension.

Eastern Catholic Churches

The twenty-one Churches of the East, with their own liturgical and administrative traditions, reflect the culture of Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Eastern Catholics are in union with the Universal Catholic Church and its head, the Bishop of Rome

Epiphany

A Christian feast day celebrating the revelation of JC to the world

Ritual

The established form of the words and actions for a ceremony that is repeated often.
The actions often have a symbolic meaning

Lent

40 days of spiritual preparation, reflection, and repentance leading up to easter, modeled after JC’s 40 in the desert

Triduum

Last 3 days of holy week, but they are their own season: Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday

Liturgy

the Church’s official, public, communal prayer. It is God’s work, in which the People of God participate. The Church’s most important liturgy is the Eucharist, or the Mass

Liturgical Year

The Church’s annual cycle of feasts and seasons that celebrate the events
and mysteries of Christ’s birth, life, death, Resurrection, and Ascension, and forms the context for the Church’s worship.

Magisterium

The Church’s living teaching office, which consists of all the bishops, in communion with the Pope, the Bishop of Rome. Their task is
to interpret and preserve the truths revealed in both Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition

Tradition

The process of passing on the Gospel message. Tradition, which began with the oral communication of the Gospel by the Apostles,
was written down in Sacred Scripture, is handed down and lived out in the life of the Church, and is interpreted by the Magisterium under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Both Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture have their common source in the Revelation of Jesus Christ and must be equally honored

Icon

Religious images that are used in the catholic church as a form of veneration and prayer

Blessing

A prayer that invokes God’s power and care upon a person, place, or thing, acknowledging God as the source of all goodness

Contemplation

The act of thinking about spiritual things

Efficacious

Producing a desired effect, sacraments do what they say they do, because of god’s power

grace

The free and undeserved gift that God gives us to empower us to respond to his call and to live as his adopted sons and daughters. Grace restores our loving communion with the Holy Trinity, lost through sin

Intercession

The act of praying on behalf of others, asking god to act on their behalf for their material, psychological, moral, or spiritual needs

Liturgy of the Hours

Also known as the Divine Office, the official, public, daily prayer of the Catholic Church. The Divine Office provides standard prayers, Scripture readings, and reflections at regular hours throughout the day

Meditation

A form of prayer that uses the mind and imagination to grow closer to god

Petition

A specific, humble request made to god, often expressing human need and dependence on His power.

Popular Piety

faith expressed through cultural, often extra-liturgical practices like rosaries, pilgrimages, processions, and devotions to saints, which arise from a people's culture and enrich their daily lives, complementing the official liturgy by connecting faith to everyday experience and fostering deeper evangelization, as long as they lead to Christ and remain rooted in Church teaching

Praise

The act of expressing approval or admiration, praising god for who he is

Prayer

Communication with god and the raising of one’s mind and heart to god

Ritual

The established form of the words and actions for a ceremony that is repeated often.
The actions often have a symbolic meaning

Sacrament

An efficacious and visible sign of God’s grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, the Eucharist, Confirmation, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Matrimony, and Holy Orders

sacramentals

Things or actions that relate to a sacrament, often meaning visible signs or rituals that the church uses ot help believers grow in holiness and receive God’s grace (ex: holy water, sign of the cross, prayer card, rosary)

sign

An outward expression of inward grace

symbol

An object or action that points to another reality and leads us to look beyond our senses to consider a deeper mystery.

What three elements are needed to define a liturgy?

Communal, official, and public

Which liturgical book is most likely used by the priest at the altar?

Roman rite

A new liturgical year begins with which season?

Advent

What is the general length, order, and focus for each liturgical season?

1. Advent: 4 weeks, a month

2. Christmas: 2-3 weeks

3. Ordinary Time 1: 4-8 weeks

4. Lent: 40 days

5. Easter: 50 days

6. Ordinary Time 2: 30 weeks

What are the two primary elements that create the Deposit of Faith (Revelation)?

Scripture and Tradition

The joy of Easter and Christmas is signified by what two colors?

White and gold

Why is Ordinary Time called ordinary?

Uses ordinal numbers (in order)

What is the final week of Lent called?

Holy Week

What are four ways Christ is made present in the liturgy?

Minster, the assembly (people), scripture, and elements of the eucharist

What makes the Eastern Rite churches part of Catholicism despite their different liturgies?

Unity with the pope

Who is at the origins and is the primary focus for all the Church’s liturgy?

jesus

What is the primary sacrament through which Christ enters our lives?

baptism

What are the three main groups or divisions of the sacraments?

Healing, initiation, vocation (sacraments at the service of communion)

How is a ritual different than a symbol?

Symbol: concrete object, ritual: symbols that move

What are the seven signs referred to in the Gospel of John?

The miracles, The Book of Signs, starting at the wedding of Cana, ending with the resurrection of Lazarus

What does it mean to say the sacraments work regardless of the holiness of the minister?

Because Jesus’/God’s grace is effective even through a bad priest

What are some examples of common sacramentals?

Rosaries, crucifixes, palm branches, holy water, oil, prayer cards, sign of the cross

What are the three expressions of prayer?

Vocal, contemplation, meditation

Normative

establishing, relating to, or deriving from a standard or norm, especially of behavior.

Sacrament of Baptism

The first of the Seven Sacraments and one of the three Sacraments of Christian Initiation (the others being Confirmation and the Eucharist) by which one becomes a member of the Church and a new creature in Christ

Sacred Chrism

 Perfumed olive oil consecrated by the bishop that is used for anointing in the Sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders.

Original Sin

From the Latin origo, meaning “be-ginning” or “birth.” The term has two meanings:
(1) the sin of Adam and Eve, who disobeyed God’s command by choosing to follow their own will and thus lost their original holiness and became subject to death, (2) the fallen state of human nature that affects every person born into the world, except Jesus and Mary

Easter

The day on which Christians celebrate Jesus’ Resurrection from the dead; considered the most holy of all days and the climax of the Church’s Liturgical Year

Evangelization

The proclamation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ through word and witness.

Catechesis

The process by which Christians of all ages are taught the essentials of Christian doctrine and are formed as disciples of Christ. Catechists are the ministers of catechesis

Rite of Election

The Rite, which takes place on the first Sunday of Lent, is by which the Church elects or accepts the catechumens for the Sacraments of Christian Initiation at the Easter Vigil. The Rite of Election begins a period of purification and enlightenment

Catechumen

An unbaptized person who is preparing for full initiation into the Catholic Church by engaging in formal study, reflection, and prayer.

Scrutinies

Rites within the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults that support and strengthen the elect through prayers of intercession and exorcism

Elect

In the Rite of Christian Initiation, the name given to catechumens after the Rite of Election, while they are in the final period of preparation for the Sacraments of Christian Initiation.

Charism

or spiritual gifts, are gifts given through the grace of the Holy Spirit to enable followers of Jesus to become powerful channels of God's love and presence in the world.

Apostolic Succession

The uninterrupted passing on of apostolic preaching and authority from the Apostles directly to all bishops. It is accomplished through the laying on of hands when a bishop is ordained in the Sacrament of Holy Orders as instituted by Christ. The office of a bishop is permanent, because at ordination a bishop is marked with an indelible, sacred character.

Sacrament of Confirmation

With Baptism and Eucharist, one of the three Sacraments of Christian Initiation. Through an outpouring of special Gifts of the Holy Spirit, Confirmation perfects and strengthens the graces received in Baptism and gives a unique outpouring of the Spirit for Christian witness

Pentecost

a Christian holiday, also celebrated by Jews as Shavuot, that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus

What are the Sacraments of Christian Initiation?

Baptism, confirmation, and the eucharist

What is the primary purpose of a Godparent?

• To share their faith and the faith of the entire church with this child

• Spiritual mentor

What is the minimum requirement for a valid Baptism?

Water, trinitarian formula, intention

Who can baptize in the case of an emergency?

anyone

What are the four primary symbols used in the Rite of Baptism?

Water, paschal candle, white garment, chrism

What are the two paths to salvation called that do not require Baptism?

Baptism of desire and baptism of blood

What are the six principal effects of Baptism

• die and rise with Christ

• freed from original sin and all personal sins

• Adopted children of god

• Become members of the church + shareers in the priesthood of Christ

• Receive a permanent or indelible sacramental character, sacraments can’t be repeated

• Empowered by the holy spirit for discipleship

What is the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults?

The process by which an unbaptized person, called a “catechumen,” and those who were baptized in another Christian denomination, called “candidates for full communion,” are prepared to become full members of the Church

What does Jesus say to Nicodemus about being “born again”?

To see the kingdom of god, you must be born again, aka be baptized

When was the catechumenate restored in the Church?

vatican 2

What are the four main stages of the RCIA?

• Inquiry - listens to good news, learns about the catholic faith, called to live the gospel life as a catholic

• Catechumenate - time of formation and spiritual development, liturgy, apostolic witness

• Purification and Enlightenment - examine conscience, do penance, deepen knowledge, and relationship with JC

Postbaptismal Catechesis or Mystagogy - grow deeper in understanding ofthe  Paschal Mystery and incorporate that into their lives

What are the different oils used for Baptism and the RCIA?

Holy Chrism and Oil of the Catechumens

How is the age for Confirmation determined in the U.S.?

Determined by the local diocesan bishop

What is the age range that Confirmation can take place in the U.S.?

7-16

What is meant by the “age of discretion”?

About 7 years old

How is Confirmation done differently in the Eastern Rite Catholic traditions?

Immediately follows Baptism and is administered by the priests, followed by the Eucharist

What is the role of the Bishop in Confirmations within the Latin Rite?

Minister of Confirmation symbolizes the sacramental connection to the apostolic succession

What is meant by a “spiritual mark” or “indelible character”?

Sacrament is so unique that it can be received once in a lifetime

What are the two primary ritual actions in the Sacrament of Confirmation?

Laying on of hands by the bishop and anointing with chrism

What are the two main things stated in the renewal of Baptismal promises?

Rejection of sin and profession of faith

What is meant by discernment in the spiritual life?

the practice of listening for God’s call in our lives and distinguishing between good and bad choices

Anamnesis

The Greek word for memory. In the Eucharist, this refers to the making present of the Paschal Mystery, Christ’s work of salvation. The anamnesis refers also to a particular section of the Eucharistic Prayer after the words of institution in which the Church remembers Christ’s saving deeds—his Passion, death, Resurrection, and glorious return.

Eucharist

The celebration of the entire Mass. The term can also refer specifically to the consecrated bread and wine that have become the Body and Blood of Christ.

Logos

Greek word meaning “Word.” Logos is a title of Jesus Christ found in the Gospel of John that illuminates the relationship between the three Divine Persons of the Holy Trinity (see John 1:1,14)

Passover

The night the Lord passed over the houses of the Israelites marked by the blood of the lamb, and spared the firstborn sons from death. It also is the feast that celebrates the deliverance of the Chosen People from bondage in Egypt and the Exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land

manna

unleavened bread

Breaking of the Bread

At the last supper, Jesus distributes his body to the apostles and from then on to the entire church

Viaticum

Holy communion is given to a person in danger of death, providing spiritual nourishment for their journey into the afterlife

Assembly

Also known as a congregation, a community of believers gathered for worship as  the Body of Christ

Transubstantiation

In the Sacrament of the Eucharist, this is the name given to the action of changing the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ

Ministry

Serving god and others, SERVICE

Lector

Someone who reads the 1st / 2nd readings

Purificator

This is a small piece of white linen, folded in three layers, much like a napkin, marked with a cross in the center. The priest uses it to purify (clean) his fingers, the chalice, and the paten (the round dish used to hold the Host)

Chalice

This is the vessel into which the wine will be poured

Corporal

This is a square white linen cloth upon which all the sacred vessels are placed during the celebration of the Mass. The word corporal comes from the Latin word for “body,” which is related to Body of Christ (Corpus Christi)

Mission

The calling to participate in God's work in the world by spreading the gospel and making disciples

Eucharistic Adoration

The practice of praying in front of the Blessed Sacrament, which is exposed in a monstrance or ciborium on an altar or in a church or chapel.