Literature Vocabulary Flashcards: Hallmarks, Figures of Speech, and Canonical Authors (EN)

A set of vocabulary-focused flashcards covering hallmarks of literature, figures of speech, poetry and prose terminology, narrative elements, narrative perspectives, and notable Filipino authors from the lecture notes.

Suggestiveness

Emotional power in literature that moves readers and evokes visions beyond ordinary life.

Artistry

Quality that appeals to the sense of beauty in literature.

Intellectual Value

Stimulates thought and enriches mental life; reveals truths about life and human nature.

Spiritual Value

Elevates the spirit, inspires moral values, and makes readers better persons.

Permanence

Enduring quality allowing repeated readings, with each reading offering new insights.

Universality

Timeless and timely themes that remain relevant across generations.

Style

The distinct way an author expresses thoughts.

Simile

A comparison using like or as.

Metaphor

A direct comparison without using like or as.

Personification

Giving human traits to non-human things.

Hyperbole

Exaggeration for emphasis.

Alliteration

Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.

Onomatopoeia

Words that imitate sounds.

Oxymoron

Two contradictory terms placed together.

Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality; includes situational and verbal irony.

Euphemism

Polite or indirect expression for a harsh reality.

Tone Color

Auditory effect produced by sound devices (e.g., alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, rhythm).

Rhythm

Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables creating the musical beat of a poem.

Meter

Structured pattern of rhythm in poetry, divided into feet.

Rhyme Scheme

Pattern of rhymes at the ends of lines, labeled with letters.

Ellipsis

Omission of words for effect.

Punctuation

Rules or deviations used to control pace and tone in poetry.

Poem Shape

Poems taking shapes reflecting their themes (concrete poetry).

Diction Denotative

Literal meaning of a word.

Diction Connotative

Implied or associated meanings of a word.

Imagery

Descriptive language appealing to the senses to create vivid mental pictures.

Figures of Speech

Creative language devices that enhance meaning and imagery (e.g., simile, metaphor, personification).

Setting

Physical place, time (chronology), and social conditions of a story.

Plot

Sequence of events in a story.

Exposition

Introduction of setting, characters, and the initial conflict.

Rising Action

Events that build tension toward the climax.

Climax

Turning point or peak of the conflict.

Falling Action

Events after the climax leading toward resolution.

Resolution (Denouement)

Conclusion or solution to the story's conflict.

Protagonist

Main character or hero of a story.

Antagonist

Character or force opposing the protagonist.

Dynamic

A character who undergoes significant change.

Static

A character who remains the same throughout the story.

External Conflict

Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Man, or Man vs. Society.

Internal Conflict

Man vs. Self; a personal struggle within a character.

Symbolism

Objects, actions, or words that carry deeper meanings beyond their literal sense.

Point of View

Narrative perspective; includes first person, third person omniscient, and third person limited.

First Person

Narrator refers to themselves as 'I' or 'we'.

Third Person Omniscient

Narrator knows all thoughts, feelings, and events.

Third Person Limited

Narrator knows only one character's thoughts and feelings.

Biography

Life story of a person written by someone else.

Autobiography

Writer’s own life story.

Memoir

A personal account focusing on specific memories or experiences.

Essay

Short prose piece that expresses opinion or idea.

News/Journalism

Factual reporting of events.

History

Factual account of past events.

Doveglion

Pen name of Jose Garcia Villa, combining Dove, Eagle, and Lion to symbolize gentleness, vision, and courage.

Jose Garcia Villa

Filipino poet (Doveglion); National Artist for Literature (1973); known for musicality and innovative form.

Amado V. Hernandez

Filipino poet, playwright, novelist (1903–1970); focused on workers’ struggles; National Artist for Literature (1973).

Nick Joaquin

Filipino writer (1917–2004) who explored Filipino identity and culture; National Artist for Literature (1976).

Carlos P. Romulo

Educator, soldier, journalist, diplomat; first Asian President of the United Nations; National Artist for Literature (1982).

Francisco Arcellana

Short story writer and poet who helped develop the short story as a lyrical form; National Artist for Literature (1990).

Isang Dipang Langit

A famous work of Amado V. Hernandez.

The Woman Who Had Two Navels

A famous work of Nick Joaquin.