The Heart

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41 Terms

1
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What shape is the heart?
Cone shaped
2
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What are the approximate dimensions of the heart?
12 cm long, 9 cm wide, 6 cm thick
3
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How much does the male heart weigh?
300 g
4
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How much does the female heart weigh?
250 g
5
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Where is the heart located in relation to the sternum?
Back of our sternum, in front of the vertebral column
6
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How far is the heart from the midline?
3 inches from the midline, tilts to the right
7
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Which direction does the apex of the heart point?
The apex points to the left hip.
8
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What is the pericardial?
Sac that surrounds the heart
9
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What is the outer layer of the pericardium called?
Fibrous (parietal) layer
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What is the inner layer of the pericardium called?
Double-layered (visceral/epicardium) layer
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What is the pericardial cavity?
Space between the layers of the pericardium surrounding the heart.
12
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What are the three layers of the heart muscle?
Epicardium (outer), myocardium (middle), endocardium (inner)
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What is the myocardium?
Major portion of the heart, comprising 95% of the heart's mass.
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What is a myocardial infarction?
Blocking of the myocardium.
15
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How do arteries generally function?
They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to capillaries.
16
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How do veins generally function?
They carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
17
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What are capillaries?
The sites where blood is exchanged, such as the sites of bleeding.
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What does the atrial-ventricular groove represent?
It runs over the heart like a crown.
19
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What does the interatrial septum do?
Divides the atriums.
20
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What does the interventricular septum do?
Divides the ventricles.
21
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What type of blood does the right side of the heart receive?
Deoxygenated blood.
22
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What type of blood does the left side of the heart receive?
Oxygenated blood.
23
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What is the thickness of the right atrium?
2-3 mm thick.
24
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What function does the auricle serve in the heart?
It is a pouch that increases the volume of blood in the right atrium.
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What type of blood does the left atrium hold?
Oxygenated blood.
26
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What is the thickness of the right ventricle?
4-5 mm thick.
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What is the thickness of the left ventricle?
10-15 mm thick, making it the largest chamber.
28
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What are trabecular carinae (TC)?
Scratches found in both ventricles.
29
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What is the tricuspid valve?
The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
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What is the bicuspid valve (mitral)?
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
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What does the pulmonary semi-lunar valve do?
Leads to the artery that goes to the lungs.
32
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What does the aortic valve lead to?
The largest artery in the body, which is the aorta.
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What is the superior vena cava?
The largest vein in the body, bringing deoxygenated blood from above the diaphragm into the right atrium.
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What is the inferior vena cava responsible for?
Brings deoxygenated blood from below the diaphragm.
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What is the coronary sinus?
A structure that has a thespian valve, bringing deoxygenated blood from the heart.
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What does the pulmonary artery do?
Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
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What do the four pulmonary veins do?
Bring oxygenated blood back to the left atrium.
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What is the function of the aorta?
Carries all oxygenated blood to the body and has three branches.
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What does the ascending aorta do?
Gives off blood to right and left coronary arteries that nourish the heart.
40
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What is the general rule for arteries?
All arteries carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery.
41
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What is the general rule for veins?
All veins carry deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary veins.