Stress and the Immune Response

What is ACTH?

ACTH stands for Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol and other glucocorticoids.

How does increased ACTH affect the immune response?

Increased ACTH leads to higher glucocorticoid levels, which suppress the immune response by reducing inflammation and inhibiting immune cell functions.

What does increased glucocorticoid levels do to the immune system?

Increased glucocorticoid levels depress the inflammatory response, reduce mast cell activity, and decrease capillary permeability, which limits leukocyte and protein movement into damaged tissues.

How does stress reduce phagocyte activity?

Stress causes a reduction in the abundance and activity of phagocytes, leading to decreased antigen processing and presentation.

What effect does stress have on interleukin secretion?

Stress inhibits interleukin secretion, which decreases lymphocyte activation and the immune response.