PMTP: Introduction to Phlebotomy

Laboratory Representative

Phlebotomists are called this because they have direct contact with patients

Electrocardiography Department

This department does EKG

Electrocardiogram

EKG stands for

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

* is a recording of impulses of the heart
* trace records of a specific size and shape

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

help locate and assess the extent of brain injury or determine if there is any brain activity

Electroencephalography Department

This department does EEGs

Electroencephalogram

EEG stands for

Pharmacy Department

This department dispenses many types of therapeutic drugs that are often much potent than prescription taken at home

Physical Therapy Department

This department works with patients who, due to disease or injury, are no longer able to fucntion their full physical capacity

Physical Therapy

This therapy involve rebuilding deteriorated muscles after a long illness or learning to function after an amputation

Occupational Therapy

Related to PT Department where patients work to overcome their physical handicaps so they can be productive again in ther old job or in a new one

Speech Therapy

Related to PT Department where patients who have difficulty speaking or who have lost the ability to speak because of stroke or diseases are retaught how to speak again

Radiology

This department used to just x-ray lungs or broken bones, now include cardiac catheterization, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound

Computed Tomography scans

CT scan stands for

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI stands for

waiting-to-serve time

This single-skilled role for phlebotomist often results in times of no work and other times more work that can be done in a short time

Centralized Phlebotomy

Approach in the health care facility where phlebotomists are dispatched from the lab to other areas of the hospital

* Surge of patients
* Difficulty in blood collection

Phlebotomist runs like clockwork except for these two reasons

Patient-focused care

Type of care where everyone who has contact with patients, needs to become MULTISKILLED

Patient-focused care

The duties of hospital staff revolve more around the patient and the need to treat the patient quickly rather than being restricted to a specific job description

* The primary role is to collect blood as quickly as possible for accurate and reliable test results with the least discomfort
* They are the KEY PLAYERS in the healthcare environment
* "Laboratory Representative" because they come into close contact with patients (collection of samples)
* They must be familiar with the organization and the environment (areas of the hospital)
* Must maintain healthy relationships with the patients and other healthcare professionals/staff
* Take multiple lab collections from morning to evening
* Cross-trained in __**venipuncture, capillary puncture, patient care receptionists**__
* Works in shift
* Peaks in the early morning due to fasting samples (NPO)

Role of Phlebotomist

Decentralized Phlebotomy

There is an increase in hemolyzed samples, patient identification errors, and contaminated blood cultures

Venesection

* used to reduce fever or induce a faint in mothers who are giving birth

Cupping

* A heated glass is placed on a person’s back, creating a suction that pulls blood to the capillaries under the cup
* spring-loaded box with blades cut the area to produce massive bleeding

Major throat infection

Disease of George Washington the led to his death

Heavy bleeding

Thought to cure major throat infection/any illness

middle of the 19th century

During this time, bloodletting was no longer considered as cure for all illness

* scarificator
* blades
* lancets
* copper cup
* led tourniquet

Ancient Phlebotomy Kit consists of

* Hereditary Hemachromatosis
* Polythemia Vera

Modern application for Therapeutic Phlebotomy

500 milliliters

How much blood is withdrawn through therapeutic phlebotomy

* Hereditary Hemachromatosis
* Polythemia Vera

Centralized Phlebotomy

Phlebotomist is dispateched from the laboratory to other areas of the hospital

Non per orem / Nothingn by mouth for fasting

NPO stands for

10 to 12 hrs

Fasting time for Lipid Profile

6-8 hours

Fasting time for Glucose Test

12 to 16 hrs

Fasting time for water

Pathology

Study of nature or cause of disease

Phlebotomy

Act or practice of bloodletting as a therapeutic or diagnostic measure

Postexamination (Postanalytical)

Process in which the results of the testing are communicated to the health provider

Preexamination (Preanalytical)

All processes that it takes to collect the sample and get to the point in which the testing of the sample can occur

Qualitative Analysis

The **chemical analysis** designated to identify the components of a substance

Qualitative Analysis

The results from this analysis are released as a positive (present) or negative (not present) result

Quality Assurance

Program that strives to have the health care facility guarantee that all areas are providing the highest quality and most appropriate level of care

Quality Control

Methods to __**monitor processes**__ and confirm that processes are within the preestablished limits

Quality Improvement

Review and monitoring of outcomes to strive toward continuous improvement in performance

Quantitative Analysis

The analysis of an event to determine the amount or proportions of the substance

Quantitative Analysis

Results will be released as an amount, such as grams per liter

Root Cause

Analysis of an event to determine the actual reason for the incident and corrective action needed to prevent recurrent

Sentinel Event

An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical and psychological injury

Threshold

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Acceptable level of performance

Venipuncture

Collection of blood from a vein by penetrating the vein with a needle

Phlebotomy

Process of collecting blood

Phlebotomy

the act of practice of bloodletting as a therapeutic measure

Venesection

* sharp lancet-type instrument pierced the veind and made it bleef
* was thought to eliminate the “bad” blood and remove the disease

Advance Directive

Document stipulating the kind of life-prolonging medical care permitted for a patient

Compatible

Substances that can be mixed without reacting with one another

Decentralized Phlebotomy

Sample collection where all members of the healthcare team share responsibility to collect blood samples

Demeanor

The outward behavior of an individual

Esoteric

Type of laboratory tests that are not routinely

Esoteric

These tests are often sent to another laboratory that specialized in a specific test

Ethics

* Professional code of conduct in the treatment of patients
* Moral Philosophy

Examination

All procedures that are done to perform the test(s) on the sample to achieve a result

Failure

A case when the system does not meet user or customer expectations

Administration

Keeps the hospital in compliance

Electrocardiography (EKG)

Monitors patients with cardiovascular disease

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Diagnosis of neurophysiological disorders

Environmental Services

Maintains a clean facility

Food Service (Dietary)

Provides diets to patients

Gastrointestinal (GI) Laboratory

Diagnosed gastrointestinal disorders

Laboratory

Provides testing of patient samples

Medical Records

Maintains patient records

Nursing

Provides direct patient care

Occupational Therapy

Provides therapy to help mainain living skills

Pharmacy

Dispenses drugs and advices on drug usage

Physical Theraoy

Provides therapy to restore mobility

Radiology

Uses imaging for diagnosis and treatment

Respiratory Therapy

Provides therapy to evaluate the lungs

Speech Therapy

Provides therapy to restore speech

Coronary Care Unit

CCU stands for

Coronary Care Unit

Increased care of the patient due to a heart condition

Emergency Department

Emergency treatment of patients

Geriatric

Elderly Patients

Home Health Care

Follow-up care of a patient at home

Intensive Care Unit

ICU stands for

Intensive Care Unit

Increased care due to. the critical needs of the patient

Neonatal

Newborn Care

Nephrology

Patients in Dialysis

Obstetrics

Patients in labor of childbirth

Oncology

Patients with cancer

Orthopedic

Patients with broken bones

Pediatrics

Infants and children

Recovery

Recover treatment of patients

Hematology staff

* studies blood cells and performs qualitative and quantitative analyses along with microscopic examination

Complete Blood Cell count

CBC stands for

CBC

is a routine test providing the physician with a large amount if valuable information about a patient’s state of health

Coagulation/Hemostasis

is usually in the same area as hematology

Coagulation/hemostasis

is the study of the clotting of blood

Thrombosis

Disease where patients bleed too much or form clots too easily

Administrative Office

* Responds to telephone calls,
* Handles specimen collection requests
* Handles some specimens

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Phlebotomy

Collects samples from patients and processes sample for testing or transport

Hematology

Studies the blood in normal and diseased states