Bio 2 final

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure & function are known as ______.

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure & function are known as ______.

Tissues

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, & bind together body tissues are classified as_____.

Connective tissues

_______ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.

Exocrine

The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine are _______.

Simple columnar

Tendons & ligaments are classified as ______.

Dense connective (fibrous) tissue

______ tissue is commonly called fat.

Adipose

_____ muscle tissue has no visible striations & is found in the walls of hollow organs.

Smooth

Irritability & conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of _____.

Nervous tissue

The structural & functional unity of all living things is the ______.

Cell

A tissue constructed as a single layer of flattened cells is known as ______.

Simple squamous epithelium

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses via cells called neurons?

Nervous tissue

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder & urethra where stretching occurs?

Transitional epithelium

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

Stratified squamous epithelium *key word: stratified

Bone is best described as______.

Osseous tissue

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ______.

Endocrine

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac & smooth muscle tissue?

Involuntary contractions

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, & in the walls of blood vessels is ______.

Smooth muscle

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ______.

Cartilage

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as _______.

Regeneration

Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?

Atrophy

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured______.

Dense connective tissue

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

Scar tissue

The hypodermis, or subcutaneous tissue is represented by:

D

The hair follicle is indicated by:

F

The layer responsible for whorled ridges on the epidermal surfaces is indicated by:

A

The arrector pili muscle is represented by:

B

The gland that produces a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells is indicated by:

C

The gland that produces sweat is indicated by:

E

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ____________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior

serous

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints

synovial

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?

hair shaft

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with skin are classified as _________ glands because they release secretions to the skins surface via ducts

exocrine

____________ is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria

sebum

What type of burn only involves injury to superficial epidermis?

first degree

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________.

melanin

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix

lunule

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn is it?

second-degree

Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as:

impetigo

___________ is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer causes and affects the cells stratum basale

basal cell carcinoma

Which of the following letter in ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

A) A stands for asymmetry

B) B stands for border irregularity

C) C stands for color

D) D stands for diagnosis

D

___________ lines the body cavities that are open to the exterior

mucous

___________ reduces friction in movable joints such as the knee

synovial fluid

The only dry membrane is the:

cutaneous membrane

The skin an its derivatives( nails, glands, hairs) form:

integumentary system

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is:

keratin

The epidermis is composed of

stratified squamous epithelium

Two main layers of skin

epidermis and dermis

¨Tanning¨ effect that occurs when someone is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of:

melanin

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

stratum corneum

____________ results from liver disorders

jaundice

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by:

rule of nines

cancer of melanocytes

malignant melanoma

skin inflammation

dermatitis

dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum

dandruff

Virus that produces cold sores

Herpes simplex

malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer

basal cell carcinoma

cancer of stratum spinosum cells

squamous cell carcinoma

burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen

first-degree

Inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands is called:

boils and carbuncles

staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around mouth and nose

impetigo

full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin blackens or blanches

third-degree

infection of the sebaceous glands accompanied by skin pimples

acne

the neural processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are indicated by

label A (dendrites)

The metabolic center on the neuron is indicated by

label D (cell body)

The axon terminals are indicated by

label C

The axon is indicated by

label B

The gaps between Schwann cells are indicated by

label H

The nucleus of the neuron is indicated by

label E

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

central and peripheral

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called __________

neuroglia

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the _____

axon

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in the PNS are called ______

nodes of ranvier

Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?

motor neuron

What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?

sodium ions

During repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?

potassium

What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles?

somatic

How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons, structurally classified?

multipolar

What are the two major functional properties of neurons?

irritability and conductivity

Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are

myelinated

The gap between two communicating between neurons is termed

synaptic cleft

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are

somatic

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?

interneurons (association neurons)

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the _______

diencephalon (interbrain)

What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke

the brain and spinal cord are protected by three connective tissue membranes called

meninges

In what cerebral lobe is the primary somatic sensory cortex located?

parietal

In which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons

breathing

What fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

The hypothalamus regulates the

pituitary gland

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the

corpus callosum

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses travelling upward to the sensory cortex?

thalamus

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.

CVA or stroke

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord

31

Progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that results in dementia and is associated with a shortage acetylocholine

alzheimers disease

which of the following isn't a major region of the brain: brain stem, ventral ramus, diencephalon, cerebrum, cerebellum

ventral ramus

which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area?

• inability to form complex memories

• inability to say words properly

• inability to recognize patterns

• inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles

• inability to involuntarily move smooth muscles

inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe was affected?

frontal lobe

Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was affected?

cerebellum

The gland that produces thymosin is?

Label E (Thymus)