Unit 3 and 4

Flashcards for key terms and concepts from the Westward Expansion and Civil War Era.

Abolition

The act of destroying, or getting rid of a practice, most notably slavery.

Temperance Movement

The movement that encouraged 'cleaning up' American society, aiming to limit alcohol consumption and influenced by churches and women's groups.

Protective Tariff

A tax enacted with the aim of protecting a domestic industry.

Antebellum Period

Time in the southern United States between the War of 1812 and the Civil War, characterized by the conflict between abolition and state's rights.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States should own and govern all territory between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

De Facto

Illegal segregation enacted by the beliefs of certain members of society.

De Jure

Segregation legalized by the government.

Missouri Compromise

Legislation that provided for the admission of Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, maintaining balance between North and South.

Monroe Doctrine

American policy of discouraging European interference and colonization in the Western Hemisphere.

Sectionalism

Excessive regard for sectional or local interests; regional or local spirit.

Indian Removal Act

A law that authorized the president to negotiate with Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of territory from France in 1803 that doubled the size of the United States.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States, a hero of the War of 1812, nicknamed 'Old Hickory'.

John C. Calhoun

Vice President under Andrew Jackson, a political rival who led the movement of nullification and state's rights.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention, influenced by the Temperance Movement.

Mexican-American War

An armed conflict between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846-1848 over border disputes.

Mexican Cession

The region in the southwestern U.S. ceded by Mexico after the Mexican-American War.

Gadsden Purchase

The purchase of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico to settle border disputes with Mexico.

War of 1812

A conflict fought between the U.S. and Great Britain, considered the second war of independence.

Texas Revolution

A revolutionary movement from 1832-36 where U.S. settlers declared independence from Mexico.

Union

The group of Northern states that fought in the Civil War, also known as the United States.

Confederacy

The group of Southern states that fought in the Civil War, also known as the Confederate States of America.

Compromise of 1850

Government act allowing California to enter as a free state while enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Government act allowing people in Kansas and Nebraska to vote on being free or slave states.

Fugitive Slave Law

Law allowing slave states to pursue and recapture runaway slaves in return for free state concessions.

John Brown

Radical abolitionist known for leading the raid on Harpers Ferry.

Frederick Douglass

A successful runaway slave and abolitionist who wrote 'The North Star'.

Harriet Tubman

Best known as 'Conductor of the Underground Railroad' for helping slaves escape.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin', which exposed the horrors of slavery.

Election of 1860

The controversial election in which Abraham Lincoln defeated Northern and Southern Democrats.

Anaconda Plan

Northern battle plan aimed at suffocating the South during the Civil War.

Congressional Reconstruction

Led by Radical Republicans, it aimed for harsh terms of re-admittance for seceded states.

13th Amendment

Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery, except as punishment for a crime.

14th Amendment

Constitutional amendment granting citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the U.S.

15th Amendment

Constitutional amendment prohibiting denial of voting rights based on race.

Emancipation Proclamation

Action by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that freed enslaved people in rebellious states.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that enforced racial segregation and restricted voting rights for ex-slaves.

Booker T. Washington

Prominent African American who advocated for vocational education for ex-slaves.

W.E.B. Dubois

Prominent African American who opposed segregation and advocated for civil rights.

Compromise of 1877

Agreement ending Reconstruction in exchange for Republican electoral support.