All of Year 12 non ideology content for revision

Supreme court creation date

constitutional reform act 2005, began in 2009

two operating principles of the supreme court

independence and neutrality

3 challenges to judicial independence and neutrality

political and media criticism, judicial activism

case study of miller vs pm 2019

2019 bj proprogues parliament, avoid vote on brexit, found prorogation stopped scrutiny

r v home secretary case study

2023, court rules rwanda policy unlawful due to risks of refoulement

4 reasons supreme court is powerful

intervenes in constitutional disputes, limiits executive power, binding, publically recognised

4 reasons supreme court is limited

cannot strike down acts of parliament, can be bypass with new legislation, reactive, relies on compliance

5 ways parliament holds the executive to account

policy must be passed, questioning, no confidence, hol, amendments

3 ways executive is dominant over parliament

agenda, whipping, prerogative

4 freedoms of the eu

goods, services, people, capital

what is the eu

economic and political alliance of 27 countries

4 impacts of leaving the eu

legislative sovereignty, devolution, economic, migration

4 debates of where sovereignty lies

executive, courts, devolved, people

What is the UK constitution?

Set of rules that govern how UK is run

3 defining features of the UK consititution

unentrentched, uncodified, unitary

What does unentrentched mean

Laws and rules ncan be chanfed by ordinary parliamentary procedure

Case study of unentrenched parliament

New rules requiring voter id

What does unitary mean

Power is concentrated in parliament

What is parliamentary sovereignty

parliament is the supreme legal authority, can make or unmake any law

What is the bill of rights 1689

Limits monarchs power

What bill limited the monarchs power

bill of rights 1689

What was the parliament act of 1911

Removed hol ability to veto money bills, replaced absoloute veto with delaying power

What is the HOL act 1999

removed all but 92 hereditary peers

what bill removed hereditary peers

hol act 1999

problems with hol act 1999

spaces for 26 lord spirituals

what is the bill that did northern ireland devolution

good friday agreement 1998

what did the good friday agreement of 1998 do

created a power sharing assembly and executive in northern ireland

problems with 1998 good friday agreement

repeated suspension

examples of repeated suspensions in northern ireland

2022-24 over brexit execution

What was the act for welsh devolution

Govenment of wales act 1988

What did the Govenment of wales act 1988 do

Created the welsh assembly

Problems with all devolution bills

asymetrical devolution, calls for more, disagreements over execution

Examples of devolution causing more need for devolution

after scotland 1998 act, 2014 independence refurendem

problems with the scottish independence referendum

showed strength of claims, brexit divides again

turnout of scottish referendum

85

When was the elections act bill passed

2022

what was the elections act bill 2022

mandated photographic identification

What was the public order act 2023

expanded police powers to manage protests

failures of devolution in england

inconsistent, inequality

What is parliament

legislative body in uk

3 Roles of parliament

representation, legislation, scrutiny

What does bicameral mean

Has two chambers

3 reasons why hoc dominates hol

money bills, override, confidence

limits of hoc

limited scrutiny, executive dominance

Statistic about govenment defeats in the lords

from 15-24, 578 defeats

How does power differ from the hoc to hol

legal power to practical influence

3 Weakness of legislative process

executive dominance, pmb, limited scrutiny

2 Example of executive dominance

20 days for non government, whips

3 methods of parliamentary scrutiny

select committees, pmqs, urgent questions

what are public bill committees

tempoary committees to scrutinise a specific bill

2 strengths of public bill committee

detailed scrutiny, specialist amendments

2 Weakness of public bill committee

whip, gov majority

2 strengths of departmental select comittees

accountability, influence

1 weaknesses of departmental select comitees

not legally binding

examples of select comittees being ignored

zuckerberg, bj

what reform means executive does not control membership of committee

wright reform 2009

example of pmqs being good

2017 corbyn uses to overturn permium rate for UC

average post war majority

58.4

2 Problems with opposition days

20, motions passed can be ignored

Case study of urgent quetsions

amber rudd and windrush scandal

when was the windrush scandal

2018

how did uq lead to the resignation of amber rudd

windrush scandal, media attention, pressure

2 Example of back bench retaliation

letter from 39 mps on jury scrapping, 7 mp two child benefit cap

2 ways of backbenchers being effective

pmb, backbench rebellion

3 ways of backbenchers not being effective

whip, time, formal power

what is parliamentary privelige

means mos and peers are guaranteed freedom of speech

Case study of parliamentary privelige

2021 colum eastwood named soldier f from bloody sunday

what was colum eastwood and soldier f about

member of british army alleged to have murdered during bloody sunday granted anonimity, eastwood names him

3 roles of opposition

scrutinise, alternative government, confidence motions

Case study for consituency representation

Tim farron and lake windermere 25

explain Tim farron and lake windermere 25

criticises government over pollution, led to national attention, representation

case study of public participation

free school meals

eplain the free school meals e petition

concerns of child poverty during covid, westminster hall debate pressures government

2 statistics on Problems with representation in parliament

14 vs 18, 20 vs 1

4 ways how is parliaments representation limited

fptp, whips, hol, demographic

4 Roles of the UK executive

proposin legislation, budget, foreign policy, crisis management

3 powers of uk executive

deployment of armed fores, foreign affairs, ministerial appointments

amber rudd case

2018 windrush deportation of 83, resigns as wandp minister after bj removes whip

matt hancock case

2021 health secrateary resigns

suella braverman case

resigned a home secretary under truss after email, reinstated 6 days later

priti patel case

accussed of bullying civil service, pm ignores findings

bj imr example

partygate

robert jenrick example

2023 resigned as immigration minister over sunak rwanda

angela rayner cmr example

accused of leaking dissaproval of chancellor 2025

dominic cummings case

damage to government reputation by defending johnson position on trip during lockdown

example of cabinet forcing pm resignation

johnson resigns in 2022 after over 50 ministers quit

case study on cabinet insignificance

Cummings given authority to reshape the civil service and Downing Street, enforces resignation of ministers like Chancellor Sajid Javid who didnt rate him

3 thatcher policies

right to buy, privatised industries, poll tax

thatcher manigment of cabinet

1989 night of long knives, presidential, centralised

when was thatcher in power

1979-1990

theresa may when in power

16-19

what kind of conservative was may and what do they value

one nation - social cohesion, elite responsibilty

mays main failures

grenfell, meaningful brexit vote

may cabinet control

split, big beasts, within 48 hours 9 of camerons top team gone

boris johnson bypassing cabinet case strudy

800 page report baroness hallet, “destabalising influence”

3 ways the pm can become more powerful

media focus, bypassing cabinet, crisis

4 arguements that pm is not powerful

factions, parliamentary sovereignty, coalition, electoral

wales devolution case study heart donor

2013 wales organ donation, 2019

evidence that devolution in the uk has caused inequality

ons says gdp per capita in london is more than double north east

name for whether devolution is fair for english vs devolved mps

west lothian