MODULE 1 p1 (PERSONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS

Pen Tsao

Earliest comp of drugs, Written by Emperor Shengnung 2,700 B.C.

Code of Hammurabi

Established penalties for malpractices of practitioners. “HAMMER the bad doctors.”

Kahun papyrus

The oldest record of Egyptian drugs. (kahon=compilation)

Ebers papyrus

A compilation of disease conditions and prescriptions. “EBERS = EVERY illness has a prescription.”

Ashurbanipal

Assembled the library of clay tablets in Sumeria. “ASH stored tablets in a library.”

Hippocrates

"Father of Medicine"; the greatest teacher of medicine. “HIPPO carries Medicine.”

Vis medicatrix nature

The concept of the healing power of nature. “NATURE is the natural healer.”

A(start)ristotle

Formed the scientific basis of medicine.

Theophrastus

Systematically classified medicinal plants. “THEO = plant taxonomy hero.”

Carolus Linnaeus

Established the modern scientific method of naming plants and animals. “LINE-US names every species.”

Dioscorides

Compiled the 1st Materia Medica. “DIO’S CORE drugs.” 

Galen

Dealt with physiology and Materia Medica. “GALEN = glands and drugs.”

Publius Vegetius

Compiled a treatise that included prescriptions for farm animals. “VEGE-table PU-rm animals.”

Geben Ibn Hjar

Classified drugs and poisons. “GEBER GRouped good drugs and bad poisons.”

Valerius Cordus

Compiled the 1st Pharmacopeia. “CORDUS recorded official drugs.”

William Harvey

Discovered blood circulation, indicating drugs are distributed via the blood. “HARVEY = highways of blood.”

Christopher Wren

Performed the 1st I.V. injection of drugs into a dog (1630). “WREN ran drugs through veins.”

Alexander Wood

Developed the 1st hypodermic needle and syringe (1850). “WOOD made the shot.”

Theoprastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim (Philipus Aureolus Paracelsus)

Introduced clinical use of opium/laudanum. “PARA-celsus prescribed poppy.” 

Fredrich Serturner

Isolated the narcotic substance of opium; named it Morphine (after Morpheus). “SERTÜrner SEPARATED morphine.”

Edward Jener

Discovered the vaccine against smallpox. “JENNER = jab against smallpox.”

Francois Magendie

Foundation of modern pharmacology (drug action, D-R relationship, disposition). “MAGENDIE made drug action meaningful.”

William Withering

Observed the use of Foxglove in the treatment of dropsy. “WITHERING used wild foxglove.”

Claude Bernard

Identified the active ingredient of foxglove as Digitalis. “BERNARD brought Digitalis to light.”

Rudolph Bucheim

"Father of Pharmacology"; founded the 1st independent pharmacology lab. “BOOK-heim BUILT the first pharm lab.”

John Abel

"Father of Pharmacology in U.S."; isolated Adrenalin.

“ABEL got Adrenaline.”

Paul Ehrlich

"Father of Chemotherapy"; synthesized Arsphenamine (anti-syphilitic) in 1910. “EHRLICH = early chemo.”

Alexander Fleming

Isolated Penicillin (1928).

“FLEMING found fungus medicine.”

Gerhard Domagk

Isolated Sulfonamides (1935). “DOMAGK discovered sulfa drugs.

Doisy and Butenandt

Isolated Estrone from female urine. “DOISY does estrogen.”

Butedant

Isolated Aldosterone from male urine. “BUTE-nandt = boy hormone study.”

Slotta

Discovered the steroid structure of Progesterone. “SLOTTA studied steroid shape.”

Kendall

Isolated Thyroxine. “KEN dug out thyroxine.”

Harrington

Established the chemical structure of Thyroxine. “HARRINGTON handled thyroxine structure.”

Bantiong & Best

Isolated and purified Insulin (1922). “The BEST duo BANT diabetes.”

Ignaz Semmelweis

Identified the antiseptic effect of chlorine (chlorinated lime). “SEMMELWEIS said: wash with chlorine.”

Joseph Lisiter

Introduced antiseptic surgery using carbolic lotion. “LISTER listed clean surgery.”

Adolph von Baeyer

Synthesized Barbituric Acid. “BAEYER built barbiturates.”

Felix Hoffman

Introduced the use of Aspirin. “HOFFMAN helped headaches with Aspirin.”

Adverse Drug Experience (ADE)

any adverse event associated with the use of a new animals drug, whether or not the new animal drug was used in accordance with the approved labeling