Biology: Seedless Plants, Fungi, and Plant Reproduction

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26 Terms

1
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What are the main characteristics of plants?

Plants are multicellular, non-motile, eukaryotic organisms that are mostly autotrophic (photosynthetic), containing chlorophylls a and b, and some are parasitic or non-photosynthetic.

2
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What is meant by 'alternation of generations' in plants?

It refers to the life cycle of plants where they alternate between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage.

<p>It refers to the life cycle of plants where they alternate between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage.</p>
3
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What are the two main life stages in the alternation of generations?

The gametophyte (haploid, multicellular) produces gametes by mitosis, while the sporophyte (diploid) produces spores via meiosis.

4
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How do animals and plants differ in gamete production?

Animals produce gametes within internal organs, while plants grow external structures to produce gametes.

5
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What are the two main groups of seedless plants?

Nonvascular plants (Phylum Hepatophyta and Bryophyta) and seedless vascular plants (Phylum Pterophyta).

6
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What is the dominant life stage in nonvascular plants?

The gametophyte stage is dominant in nonvascular plants.

7
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What is the function of rhizoids in nonvascular plants?

Rhizoids anchor the plant to the substrate.

8
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What is the reproductive structure of male and female liverworts?

Male liverworts have antheridiophores that house antheridia, while female liverworts have archegoniophores that house archegonia.

<p>Male liverworts have antheridiophores that house antheridia, while female liverworts have archegoniophores that house archegonia.</p>
9
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What is the dominant life stage in seedless vascular plants?

The sporophyte stage is dominant in seedless vascular plants.

10
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What is the role of water in the reproduction of seedless plants?

Water is required for sperm transport during reproduction.

<p>Water is required for sperm transport during reproduction.</p>
11
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What distinguishes Phylum Chytridiomycota from other fungal phyla?

Chytridiomycota are the only fungi with a motile life stage (flagellated spores and gametes) and exhibit alternation of generations.

12
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What type of hyphae do molds in Phylum Zygomycota have?

Zygomycota have aseptate hyphae.

13
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What are the reproductive structures in Phylum Ascomycota?

Ascomycota have ascocarps that house asci, which produce ascospores.

14
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What is a characteristic feature of Phylum Basidiomycota?

Basidiomycota produce basidiospores in structures called basidia.

15
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What is the ecological role of fungi in symbiotic relationships?

Fungi can form mutualistic relationships, such as lichens (with algae) and mycorrhizae (with tree roots), benefiting both organisms.

16
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What is the main function of mycorrhizae?

Mycorrhizae increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals for tree roots.

17
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What is the significance of the humongous fungus in Phylum Basidiomycota?

It covers 37 acres, weighs 21,000 lbs, and is approximately 1,500 years old, demonstrating the extensive growth of a single organism through asexual reproduction.

18
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What is the purpose of the annotated bibliography assignment?

To summarize and critically analyze two scientific articles about the effects of salinity on seed germination.

19
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What are the components required in each paragraph of the annotated bibliography?

Each paragraph should include a summary of the main points, a critical analysis of the article, a statement of relevance, and a complete bibliographic citation in APA format.

20
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What is the next topic to be covered in class after fungi?

The Seed Plants: Gymnosperms.

21
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What is the expected activity for next week in class?

Start the seed germination activity.

22
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What is the significance of chlorophylls a and b in plants?

They are essential for photosynthesis, allowing plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.

23
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What type of plants are included in Phylum Hepatophyta?

Liverworts, which lack vascular tissues and true roots, stems, or leaves.

24
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What is the role of gemmae in liverworts?

Gemmae are asexual reproductive structures housed in gemma cups that help in the asexual reproduction of liverworts.

25
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What is the function of the protonema in mosses?

The protonema is a filamentous structure that develops from spores and houses reproductive structures.

26
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What is the role of spores in the life cycle of seedless plants?

Spores are produced through meiosis in the sporophyte generation and disperse to grow into gametophytes.