3.1 - Labor Migration

Economic Opportunities

- Many Filipinos are trying their luck outside of the country because other countries offer more economic opportunities

- This affects our labor market, quality of living, commodity pricing, and the overall economy

Migration

- Movement of individuals from one place to another

Permanent and Semi-Permanent

- kinds of migrants

Emigrants

- People who leave one country or region to settle in another

- Leaves the country

Immigrants

- People who enter and settle in a foreign country or region, leaving a past home

- Enters a country

Refugees

- People who, because of a problem in their former home, have immigrated to a new country or region

- Forced to leave their original country

Overseas Filipino Workers

- People from the Philippines who live and work in another country temporarily

April and September 2019

- A survey during this time period states that the number of OFWs who served abroad was estimated to be around 2.2 million

White Collar Workers

- Known as suit-and-tie workers

- Do professional, desk, managerial, and administrative work

Ex. Accountants, Teachers, Managers

Blue Collar Workers

- Workers who engage in hard manual labor

Ex. Carpenters, Construction and Factory Workers

Push Factor

- Negative reasons that cause people to leave their homes

•Examples:

• High crime rates and violence

• Social inequality

• Environmental degradation and natural calamity

• Lack of access to basic necessities

• Internal political disputes and war

Pull Factor

- Positive aspects that attract people to move to another region or location

•Examples:

• Low crime and violence

• Social inequality

• Economic and job opportunities

• Easy and affordable access to basic necessities

Decrease in National Poverty Incidence

- Though national poverty rates are lowered, most Filipinos who migrate come from more affluent (rich) regions

Calabarzon

- largest proportion of OFWs at 20.7% while the poverty incidence is 5.1%

Mimaropa

- lowest proportion of OFWs at 1.5% while the poverty incidence is 10.5%

Changes in Labor Supply

- A drop in the labor supply encourages competition which can drive wages high (ceteris paribus)

Remittance

- money sent by OFWs to their families in the Philippines

Remittance on Commodity Pricing

- remittance can impact commodity pricing through income-driven demand. An increase in household income can increase purchasing power, which drives demand upwards