encoding memory

encoding

the process of getting information into the memory system

shallow encoding

the process of encoding information in a surface-level manner, resulting in weaker storage and retrieval from long-term memory

deep encoding

the process of encoding information in a meaningful and elaborate manner, which facilitates long-term retention and retrieval

Mnemonic devices

memory techniques that systematically change difficult-to-remember material into more easily remembered material

method of loci

a mnemonic device used to improve retention and recall by associating piece of information with specific locations along a familiar route

Chunking

grouping individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units

categories

grouping related items together into smaller units

hierachies

a system of ranked categories or levels

memory consolidation

the neural storage of a long-term memory

spacing effect

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

serial position effect

or tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list