Social, Emotional, and Self Development Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Social & Emotional Development, Development of Self, and Friends and Family themes based on the provided lecture notes.

Harlow’s Attachment Research

Idea and research demonstrating that the nature of attachment is based more on contact comfort (tactile touch) than just nourishment.

Secure Base

Bowlby’s concept of a caregiver who provides a sense of security that allows a child to explore the environment and return for comfort.

Strange Situation

Ainsworth’s observational setup designed to measure attachment styles by looking at child reactions when the mother leaves and later returns to the room.

Secure Attachment

A style where the child shows distress when the mother leaves but is easily calmed upon her return; typically results from sensitive and responsive caregiving.

Ambivalent Attachment

A style where the child shows intense distress upon separation and mixed feelings (clinging and resisting) when the mother returns; often linked to inconsistent caregiving.

Avoidant Attachment

A style where the child shows little to no distress when the mother leaves and avoids her upon return; often linked to unresponsive or intrusive caregiving.

Disorganized-disoriented Attachment

A style where the child shows confused or contradictory behaviors, such as looking away while being held; often seen in cases of neglect or abuse.

Ageism

Prejudice or discrimination directed toward individuals based on their age.

Activity Theory

A theory suggesting that older adults find the most satisfaction when they stay active and maintain high levels of social interaction.

Convoy Model of Social Relations

A model describing the circle of family and friends who provide social support throughout an individual’s life.

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

The theory that as people age, they become more selective in their social networks, prioritizing emotional fulfillment and quality over quantity.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

A series of developmental stages characterized by a specific conflict, where a positive outcome leads to a healthy virtue and a negative outcome leads to unhealthy development.

Rouge Test

A measurement of self-awareness where a mark is placed on a child’s nose to see if they recognize their own reflection in a mirror.

Theory of Mind

The understanding that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions different from one's own.

Mindblindness

An inability to understand or develop a theory of mind, often associated with a lack of empathy and social understanding.

Self-concept

A person's identity or set of beliefs about what they are like as an individual; focus shifts from physical traits in early childhood to internal traits in adolescence.

Looking-glass Self

A concept stating that our sense of self is shaped by how we perceive others see and evaluate us.

Self-esteem

An individual's overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth, distinct from the cognitive nature of self-concept.

Upward Social Comparison

Comparing oneself to others perceived as superior or more successful.

Downward Social Comparison

Comparing oneself to others perceived as less successful or fortunate to boost one's own self-esteem.

Self-efficacy

The belief in one’s own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Foreclosure

One of Marcia's statuses where a person commits to an identity or set of values without exploring other options.

Identity Confusion/Diffusion

One of Marcia's statuses where an individual has neither explored identity options nor made any commitment.

Moratorium

One of Marcia's statuses characterized by active exploration of identity options without a firm commitment.

Identity Achievement

One of Marcia's statuses where a person has explored various identities and committed to a set of beliefs or a life path.

MAMA Cycling

The repetitive cycle of moving between identity moratorium and identity achievement over time.

Unexamined Ethnic Identity

The first stage of Phinney’s model where ethnicity is not explored and is often accepted based on external influences.

Ethnic Identity Search

The stage in Phinney's model involving active immersion in learning about one’s ethnic culture and history.

Achieved Ethnic Identity

The final stage of Phinney's model where an individual has a clear and secure understanding of their ethnicity and its role in their life.

Intersectionality

The interconnected nature of social categories like race, gender, and socioeconomic status as they apply to a specific individual.

Stereotype Threat

The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's social group, which can result in anxiety and decreased performance.

Functional Play

Simple, repetitive activities typical of early childhood, such as pushing a toy car back and forth.

Constructive Play

Play involving building or manipulating objects to produce something, such as building a tower of blocks.

Image-making Stage

Galinsky's first stage of parenting during pregnancy where parents imagine what the child and parenthood will be like.

Nurturing Stage

Galinsky's second stage (birth to age 2) where parents form attachment and adjust their lifestyle to the infant's needs.

Authority Stage

Galinsky's third stage (ages 2 to 4 or 5) where parents establish rules and determine their role as authority figures.

Interpretive Stage

Galinsky's fourth stage (preschool to middle childhood) where parents help children interpret their social world and experiences.

Interdependent Stage

Galinsky's fifth stage (adolescence) where parents renegotiate their relationship with the child to share power and autonomy.

Departure Stage

Galinsky's final stage where parents evaluate their success and redefine their role as the child leaves the home.

Empty Nest Syndrome

Feelings of sadness or distress some parents experience when their children leave home.

Role Stress Relief Hypothesis

The idea that parents may experience improved well-being when children leave home because of reduced parenting demands.

Boomerang Kids

Young adults who return to live with their parents after a period of living independently.

Linked Lives

The concept that the lives and development of family members are interconnected across generations.

Sandwich Generation

A group of adults responsible for taking care of both their own children and their aging parents.

Living Apart Together

A relationship trend where committed couples maintain separate residences rather than cohabitating.

Filtering Model

The process of screening potential marriage partners through successive filters like proximity, attractiveness, and compatibility.

Marriage Gradient

The tendency for men to marry women slightly younger and lower in status, while women marry men slightly older and higher in status.

Social Exchange Theory

Applied to relationships, it suggests people evaluate the costs and benefits of their partnership to determine its continuation.

Family Systems Theory

A perspective that views the family as an organized whole where changes in one part affect all other parts of the system.