Science Quiz - Cell Division

Cancer is related to the cell cycle because…

mutations disrupt the normal cell cycle causing cells to divide uncontrollably (cancer).

Cancer is…

a disease where cells divide uncontrollably

cancer begins when…

something damages a portion of DNA in a chromosome, causing mutations.

cancer may be prevented by….

not smoking, exercising, eat healthy, limit sun exposure

cancer can be treated with…

chemotherapy, radiation, surgery

What is chemotherapy?

use of drugs to treat a disease

What is radiation?

beams of high-energy waves that can be used

The major difference between animal and plant cells in mitosis is…

Plant cells form cell plates instead of pinching the membrane. The cell plates turn into cell membranes in plants. In animals, the cell membrane pinches to form two identical cells. In plant cells, at the end of mitosis, the outcome is also two identical cells but the cell membrane does not pinch to do this. (plants do not have cytokinesis)

a cell spends ___% of the cell cycle in interphase

95%

What is a diploid?

has two pairs of each chromosome

are humans diploids? what part of humans are not diploids? what are these other parts if they’re not diploids?

YES! egg and sperm cells, they are haploids (have one set of each chromosome)

each cell in the human body has pairs of chromosomes (__ chromosomes)

23 pairs, 46 chromosomes

what do we call this type of growth? in the cell cycle with this type of growth, what should the graph say instead of population?

exponential growth, should say number of cells!

The cell cycle is…

the regular sequence of cell growth and division (that cells go through to make new cells)

chromosomes are…

x shaped structures that ARE condensed DNA

function of spindle fibers

pull chromatids apart

function of centrioles

make spindle fibers

the cell cycle helps our bodies _____ and _____. Also, ____.

grow and repair, also reproduce

what affects how long the cell cycle takes?

a cell’s size, function, even complexity! (could be number of organelles, etc.)

a cell spends ___% of the cell cycle in mitosis (includes PMAT)

3%

a cell spends ___% of the cell cycle in cytokinesis

1%

during interphase, a cell…..

grows (DOUBLES IN SIZE), prepares for division, and REPLICATES DNA (copies it), and new organelles form too!

during prophase, a cell…

forms chromosomes, forms spindle fibers from centrioles (begins to), and nucleus dissolves

during metaphase, a cell….

lines up the chromosomes in the middle, each chromosome attached to a spindle fiber at its center

during anaphase, a cell…

makes the chromatids move apart away to opposite sides and the cell begins to stretch apart!

during telophase, a cell…

forms two new nuclei, and the chromosomes begin to lose their organized look and are sort of messy and all over the place!

during cytokinesis, a cell…

divides the cytoplasm!!!!!, cell membrane pinches in middle, forms two new daughter cells that both have the same number of organelles and cytoplasm as each other AND as the parent cell (same number of identical chromosomes as cell too, 46 in humans.)

mitosis is…

The process where one parent cell divides to make two new and identical daughter cells.

how to remember mitosis?

PMAT!!!!! or the 4 stages in the middle of cell cycle (IPMATC)

how to remember order of cell cycle?

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