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What is electricity?
The movement or presence of electric charge. — O movimento ou a presença de carga elétrica.
What is electric current?
The flow of electric charge through a conductor. — O fluxo de carga elétrica através de um condutor.
What unit measures electric current?
Ampere (amp or A). — Ampere (amp ou A).
What is voltage?
Electrical potential difference that pushes charge through a circuit. — Diferença de potencial elétrico que impulsiona a carga através de um circuito.
What unit measures voltage?
Volt (V). — Volt (V).
What is resistance?
Opposition to the flow of electric current. — Oposição ao fluxo de corrente elétrica.
What unit measures resistance?
Ohm (Ω). — Ohm (Ω).
What is electrical power?
The rate at which electrical energy is used or transferred. — A rapidez com que a energia elétrica é usada ou transferida.
What unit measures electrical power?
Watt (W). — Watt (W).
What is Ohm's law?
Voltage equals current times resistance: V = I × R. — Tensão é igual à corrente vezes a resistência: V = I × R.
If voltage increases and resistance stays the same, what happens to current?
Current increases. — A corrente aumenta.
If resistance increases and voltage stays the same, what happens to current?
Current decreases. — A corrente diminui.
What is the electrical power formula?
P = V × I. — P = V × I.
What is a conductor?
A material that allows electric current to flow easily. — Um material que permite que a corrente elétrica flua facilmente.
Is copper a conductor or an insulator?
A conductor. — Um condutor.
What is an insulator?
A material that strongly resists the flow of electric current. — Um material que oferece grande resistência ao fluxo de corrente elétrica.
Is rubber a conductor or an insulator?
An insulator. — Um isolante.
What is a circuit?
A path through which electric current can flow. — Um caminho pelo qual a corrente elétrica pode fluir.
What is a closed circuit?
A complete path that allows current to flow. — Um caminho completo que permite o fluxo de corrente.
What is an open circuit?
A broken or incomplete path where current cannot flow. — Um caminho interrompido ou incompleto onde a corrente não pode fluir.
What does a switch do?
Opens or closes an electrical circuit. — Abre ou fecha um circuito elétrico.
What is a short circuit?
An unintended low-resistance path that can cause excessive current. — Um caminho não intencional de baixa resistência que pode causar corrente excessiva.
What does a fuse do?
Melts and opens the circuit when current becomes too high. — Derrete e abre o circuito quando a corrente fica alta demais.
What does a circuit breaker do?
Automatically opens a circuit when excessive current is detected and can usually be reset. — Abre automaticamente o circuito quando detecta corrente excessiva e geralmente pode ser rearmado.
What is a series circuit?
A circuit with one path for current. — Um circuito com um único caminho para a corrente.
In a series circuit, is current the same through each component?
Yes. — Sim.
What happens if one component opens in a simple series circuit?
Current stops throughout the circuit. — A corrente para em todo o circuito.
What is a parallel circuit?
A circuit with two or more paths for current. — Um circuito com dois ou mais caminhos para a corrente.
In a parallel circuit, is voltage the same across each branch?
Yes. — Sim.
What happens to total resistance when another resistor is added in parallel?
Total resistance decreases. — A resistência total diminui.
What happens to total resistance when resistors are added in series?
Total resistance increases. — A resistência total aumenta.
How do you find total resistance in a series circuit?
Add the resistances: Rtotal = R1 + R2 + … — Some as resistências: Rtotal = R1 + R2 + …
What is direct current (DC)?
Current that flows in one direction. — Corrente que flui em uma direção.
What is alternating current (AC)?
Current that periodically reverses direction. — Corrente que muda periodicamente de direção.
Do batteries normally supply AC or DC?
DC. — DC, corrente contínua.
Do typical household outlets supply AC or DC?
AC. — AC, corrente alternada.
What does a battery convert into electrical energy?
Chemical energy. — Energia química.
What is a cell in a battery?
A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. — Um dispositivo que transforma energia química em energia elétrica.
What are the two terminals of a typical DC battery called?
Positive (+) and negative (−). — Positivo (+) e negativo (−).
What is ground in an electrical system?
A reference or return path used for safety or circuit operation. — Uma referência ou caminho de retorno usado para segurança ou funcionamento do circuito.
What is a resistor?
A component designed to limit or control current. — Um componente projetado para limitar ou controlar a corrente.
What is a variable resistor?
A resistor whose resistance can be adjusted. — Um resistor cuja resistência pode ser ajustada.
What is a capacitor?
A component that stores electric charge and energy in an electric field. — Um componente que armazena carga e energia em um campo elétrico.
What is an inductor?
A component that stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows. — Um componente que armazena energia em um campo magnético quando passa corrente.
What is a diode?
A component that mainly allows current to flow in one direction. — Um componente que permite principalmente que a corrente flua em uma direção.
What is an LED?
A light-emitting diode that produces light when current flows correctly through it. — Um diodo emissor de luz que produz luz quando a corrente passa corretamente.
What is a transistor commonly used for?
Switching or amplifying electronic signals. — Para chavear ou amplificar sinais eletrônicos.
What is an electromagnet?
A magnet produced by electric current flowing through a coil. — Um ímã produzido pela corrente elétrica passando por uma bobina.
How can an electromagnet usually be made stronger?
Increase current or increase the number of coil turns. — Aumente a corrente ou o número de voltas da bobina.
What is electromagnetic induction?
Producing voltage by changing a magnetic field through a conductor. — Produção de tensão pela mudança de um campo magnético através de um condutor.
What does a generator do?
Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. — Converte energia mecânica em energia elétrica.
What does an electric motor do?
Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. — Converte energia elétrica em energia mecânica.
What does a transformer do?
Changes AC voltage using electromagnetic induction. — Altera a tensão AC usando indução eletromagnética.
What does a step-up transformer do?
Increases voltage. — Aumenta a tensão.
What does a step-down transformer do?
Decreases voltage. — Diminui a tensão.
Does a transformer normally work with AC or steady DC?
AC. — AC, corrente alternada.
What does an ammeter measure?
Electric current. — Corrente elétrica.
How is an ammeter normally connected in a circuit?
In series. — Em série.
What does a voltmeter measure?
Voltage or potential difference. — Tensão ou diferença de potencial.
How is a voltmeter normally connected?
In parallel across the component being measured. — Em paralelo com o componente que está sendo medido.
What does an ohmmeter measure?
Electrical resistance. — Resistência elétrica.
What can a multimeter commonly measure?
Voltage, current, and resistance. — Tensão, corrente e resistência.
What is continuity?
An unbroken electrical path that can conduct current. — Um caminho elétrico contínuo que pode conduzir corrente.
What does a schematic diagram show?
An electrical circuit using standardized symbols. — Um circuito elétrico usando símbolos padronizados.
In a schematic, what does a straight line usually represent?
A wire or electrical connection. — Um fio ou conexão elétrica.
What is electrical energy commonly measured in on utility bills?
Kilowatt-hours (kWh). — Quilowatt-hora (kWh).
How many watts are in one kilowatt?
1,000 watts. — 1.000 watts.
What happens to current if a circuit's voltage doubles while resistance stays constant?
Current doubles. — A corrente dobra.
What happens to current if resistance doubles while voltage stays constant?
Current is cut in half. — A corrente cai pela metade.
Why are electrical wires often covered with plastic or rubber?
To insulate the conductor and help prevent shock or unwanted contact. — Para isolar o condutor e ajudar a evitar choque ou contato indesejado.