Personality exam 3

Adler’s teleological approach

• emphasizes that behavior is primarily motivated by future goal rather past experiences

• contrasts with deterministic theories

• highlights the importance of personal agency in shaping behavior

Adler’s ideographic approach

• involves an intensive investigation of individuals to understand their unique personalities

• this method allows for a deeper understanding of how personal experiences and perceptions shapes an individual’s worldview and behavior

What did Adler say that plays a significant role in personality development?

birth order

The notion of ___________________________ is central to Adler’s theory, positing that individuals are motivated by a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority

Striving for Superiority

Inferiority complex

where an individual has intense feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.

Social useful type

describes individuals who are cooperative, empathetic, and strive to contribute positively to society while balancing personal ambitions with social responsibility.

Ruling type

refers to individuals who tend to dominate others, often displaying aggressive and controlling behaviors to assert their superiority.

Getting Type

describes individuals who rely on others for support and assistance, often displaying a dependent and passive approach to life.

Avoiding type

refers to individuals who evade facing life's problems and challenges, often retreating from difficult situations to avoid failure or discomfort.

This style involves parents who are overly protective and indulgent, doing too much for their children and not allowing them to experience challenges or make mistakes. What detrimental style does this explain from Adler?

Pampering

What happens to children who are pampered?

children may grow up feeling entitled and dependent on others to solve their problems. They often lack self-confidence and struggle with self-reliance, as they haven't had the opportunity to develop these skills through overcoming obstacles on their own.

This style is parenting occurs when parents provide insufficient attention, guidance, and emotional support. What detrimental style does this explain from Adler?

Neglect

What happens to children when they are neglected?

children often feel abandoned and unimportant, which can lead to low self-esteem and social withdrawal. They may struggle with forming healthy relationships and can develop feelings of inferiority and mistrust towards others.

First born children (Adler)

Often receive undivided attention until the arrival of a sibling, which can lead to feelings of dethronement. They might become responsible and achievement-oriented, striving to regain parental approval, but can also be prone to feelings of insecurity and anxiety.

Middle born children (Adler)

Typically feel the need to compete with their older sibling while also trying to surpass them. They may develop strong social skills and be more adaptable, often acting as peacemakers within the family. However, they can also feel overshadowed and undervalued.

Last born children (Adler)

Often pampered and spoiled by the family, they might develop a sense of dependency and expect others to take care of them. They can be charming and sociable but might struggle with self-discipline and responsibility.

Collective unconscious

is a part of the unconscious mind that is not shaped by personal experiences but rather inherited from our ancestors.

Jung’s analytical psychotherapy

Focuses on exploring the deeper layers of the psyche to promote personal growth and self-understanding

Identity crisis

refers to the period of uncertainty and confusion that people may experience as they struggle to establish a stable and coherent identity.

Erikson emphasized the role of the _________ in personality development, viewing it as a powerful and independent part of the self.

ego

Trust vs. Mistrust

In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their needs. Successful resolution leads to a sense of security, while failure results in fear and suspicion.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Toddlers learn to exercise personal control over physical skills and gain a sense of independence. Success leads to autonomy, while failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Children begin to assert power and control over their environment through directing play and other social interactions. Success in this stage leads to a sense of initiative, while failure results in guilt.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Adolescents explore different roles and ideas to develop a personal identity. Success leads to a strong sense of self, while failure results in role confusion and a weak sense of identity.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.

Horney’s concept of “basic anxiety”

A deep-seated feeling of insecurity and fear that arises in childhood due to feeling isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world. This anxiety, can lead to the development of neurotic needs or coping strategies.

Womb envy

suggesting that men might feel envious of women's ability to bear children and that this envy could contribute to their need to achieve and dominate in other areas.

Object-relation approach

theory in psychoanalysis that emphasizes the importance of early relationships, particularly with primary caregivers, in the development of the self and personality