Unit 3 APush

1754 - 1800

How many wars were there before the French & Indian War?

3

King William’s War Time Period

1689 - 1697

What was King William’s War?

British fail to get Quebec; the French and Natives team up, then Natives burn British settlements.

Queen Anne’s War Time Period

1702 - 1713

What is Queen Anne’s War?

British get Novia Scotia (NE Canada) from France and get trading rights in Spanish America

King George’s War Time Period

1744 - 1748

What is King George’s War?

It repulsed the Spanish from Georgia and got Louisbourg from France. Then Great Britain returned it for economic and political gain in India.

When was the Seven Years War?

1754 - 1763

What Virginian led the army to stop Fort Duquesne from completion? And was it successful?

George Washington; no

Who is Edward Braddock?

A British official who led an army to Fort Duquesne and ultimately failed and died

Who led the Albany Congress?

Benjamin Franklin

What is the “Join or Die” flag?

A flag by Benjamin Franklin that represented the need for unification to fight threats

What was in the Albany Plan of Union?

• Recruiting troops from all colonies

• Communal tax

Was the Albany Plan of Union successful?

It was rejected, but it set the precedent for future unification

How did the Peace of Paris divide land?

• British: Florida, Canada, and East Mississippi

• Spain: Louisiana

• French: Lost everything, but kept some Caribbean islands

When was the Treaty of Paris?

1763

Name four effects of the war

1. GB gained significant power in North America

2. The Natives lost their ally

3. GB became the dominant power in the world

4. Colonists were safe from attacks (Spanish, Native, French)

What was the British view on colonists?

They thought the colonists were weak and not willing to defend their colonies (failed Albany Plan of Union)

How did the colonists view the aftermath of the war?

They were proud of themselves and not impressed with the British due to their poor skills in woodland terrain. They also believed they could defend themselves.

Who became more strict of the colonies?

King George III

What is Pontiac’s Rebellion?

Chief Pontiac led an attack on the colonists due to the westward expansion. Natives destroyed forts and settlements. Eventually British troops were sent to put down the uprising.

When was the Pontiac Rebellion?

1763

What is the outcome of Pontiac’s Rebellion?

Proclamation of 1763

What is the Proclamation of 1763?

British issued this to prohibit settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflicts with Natives. This angered the colonists because they fought for that very land. Many expanded anyways.

When was the Sugar Act

1764

The Sugar Act is also called…

Revenue Act of 1764

What is the Sugar Act (1764)?

Taxes of sugar, molasses, coffee, wine, etc, that attempted to curb colonial smuggling.

When was the Quartering Act?

1765

What is the Quartering Act (1765)

A law that required colonists to provide food, housing, and supplies to British soldiers

When was the Stamp Act?

1765

What is the Stamp Act (1765)?

Imposed a tax stamp on most paper items such as, newspapers, legal documents, pamphlets, etc… This was the first DIRECT tax on colonists

Most taxes were paid by who (apart from the Stamp Act)?

Merchants

Important young Virginia lawyer

Patrick Henry

What did Patrick Henry do?

Spoke for many when he wanted the right to not be taxed without representation in the House of Burgesses

Where is James Otis from?

Massachusetts

What did James Otis do?

• Coined the term “no taxation without representation!”

• Made the Stamp Act Congress

What is the Stamp Act Congress?

A meeting of delegates from nine American colonies in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act, which adopted the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, that stated Parliament could not impose taxes, since there was no colonial representation in there.

Sons and Daughter of Liberty

A secret society against the British authority that would sometimes destroy revenue stamps and tarred and feathered revenue officials

What was the most effective form of protest?

Boycotts

What was it fashionable to do?

Make your own clothing to boycott the British

What did London merchants want the British to do?

Repeal the Stamp Act

Why were the colonies taxed?

Debt from the Seven Years War

When was the Stamp Act repealed?

1766

What act was placed instead of the Stamp Act?

The Declaratory Act

When was the Declaratory Act?

1766

What is the Declaratory Act?

A law passed by the British Parliament that asserted its authority to legislate and tax for the colonies in “all cases whatsoever”

When was the Townshend Act?

1767

What is the Townshend Act?

Tax on glass, tea, and paper. The revenue paid crown officials. The acts also allowed for the search of private homes with a writ of assisstance

What is a Writ of Assisstance?

A general license that allowed searching anywhere

Were the Townshend Acts accepted at first? Why or why not?

Yes because it was an indirect tax

John Dickinson did what?

Wrote the Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania in 1768, which argued Parliament could regulate colonial commerce, but not taxation without representation

What did James Otis and Samuel Adams write?

They wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter in 1768, urging colonial resistance to the Townshend Acts and promoting unity among the colonies.

Who repealed the Townshend Act? Why?

Lord Frederick North because it damaged trade and only got them a small revenue

When was the Townshend Act repealed?

1770

When was the Boston Massacre? (month/year)

March 1770

Why did British troops quarter?

To protect custom officials from attacks from the Sons and Daughters of Liberty and to enforce other laws

What is the Boston Massacre?

A crowd of colonists harassed guards and those guard shot into the crowd and killed five.

Who was an important figure who died in the Boston Massacre?

Crispus Attucks, a Black sailor and former slave, is often regarded as the first martyr of the American Revolution and would later become a symbol for anti-slavery sentiments

Who defended the six soldiers in the Boston Massacre and were the aquitted for murder?

John Adams and yes

Who called it a “massacre”?

Samuel Adams

Who and when was the Committees of Correspondence established?

Samuel Adams in 1772

What is the Committees of Correspondence?

An organization of committees that would regulary exchange letters about suspicious or threatening British activites

What’s the Gaspee?

a British customs schooner that was burned by American colonists in 1772, marking an act of rebellion against British authority

What is the Boston Tea Party?

A protest by American colonists where they dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act, while disguised as Native Americans

When was the Boston Tea Party?

1773

Why was the Tea Act established?

To aid the British EIC

What is the Tea Act?

A law that granted the British East India Company the exclusive right to sell tea in the American colonies with lower prices by taxing other countries teas

What did people think of the Boston Tea Party?

Some thought the destruction of private property was too radical, while other applauded it

What was established after the news came to GB of the Boston Tea Party?

The Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts

When were the Coercive Acts inacted?

1774

What are the four parts of the Coercive Acts?

1. Port Act: Closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid

2. Massachusetts Government Act: reduced the power of the MA legislature, while increasing the power of the royal governor

3. Administration of Justice Act: allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in GB instead of the colonies

4. Quartering Act: expanded to all colonies and to private homes

When was the Quebec Act?

1774

What is the Quebec Act (1774)?

A law passed by the British Parliament that extended Quebec's boundaries, made Catholicism the official religion, and set up a government WITHOUT representation

How did colonists react to the Quebec Act?

They were angered with the loss of land and Catholicism being the official religion. They also feared their representation would be taken away as well.

When was the Non-Importation Agreement?

1768

What is the Non-Importation Agreement?

NY and MA merchants agreed to boycott most British goods until the Townshend Act was repealed

What movement set the ideas behind the American Revolution?

The Enlightenment

Deism

A belief that God created the universe but he does not intervene in its workings and that human reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to understand existence.

Rationalism

Belief that emphasized human reason

Social Contract

A theory developed by Enlightenment philosophers like Locke and Rousseau, proposing that individuals consent to form a government to protect their rights and maintain order in exchange for some personal freedoms. It also emphasized that power came from “below (the people)” not from “above (God).”

What did Thomas Paine write?

Common Sense

Why did Common Sense spread so rapidly throughout the colonies?

It made abstract and complex ideas simpler for the average reader to understand

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that urged American colonists to seek independence from British rule, clearly articulating the arguments for a break and promoting republican governance.

Great Awakening (1730s - 1740s)

It emphasized individualism and understanding the bible on your own without the leadership of ministers. It also led to the expansion of denominations.

How did the Great Awakening influence the American Revolution?

The Great Awakening fostered a spirit of questioning authority and encouraged new ideas about personal liberty and self-governance, which aligned with revolutionary sentiments.

“City on a Hill” idea by John Winthrop showed…

American Exceptionalism

Who edited the Pennsylvania Magazine?

Thomas Paine

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Who led the shift from mercantilism to capitalism in 1776?

Adam Smith, advocating for free market.

Adam Smith published…

The Wealth of Nations, outlining the principles of economic liberalism and free market.

When was the First Continental Congress?

September 1774

What was the point of the First Continental Congress?

To address colonial grievances and organize resistance against British policies.

Who are the delegates from the First Continental Congress, and what were their views?

Radicals: Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, John Adams

Moderates: George Washington, John Dickinson

Conservatives: John Jay, Joseph Galloway

What did the First Continental Congress pass?

1. Suffolk Resolves

2. Declaration and Resolves

3. Continental Association

What happens if the First Continental Congress’ rights were not recognized?

They meet again in May 1775

Suffolk Resolves

A declaration issued by the First Continental Congress that endorsed military preparations against British aggression, called for a boycott of British goods, and called for the repeal of the Intolerable Acts.

Declaration of Resolves

Called to make right of the colonial grievances and to restore colonial rights

Continental Association

A system established by the First Continental Congress in 1774 to stop all trade with the British

What was the first battle of the American Revolution?

Lexington and Concord in April 1775

Who won Lexington and Concord?

Americans