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communism/marxism
a political ideology created under the impact of the Industrial Revolution invented by Karl Marx in the 1800s
Class Struggle
upper middle and working class inherently in struggle together in capitalism over who owns the means of production
Socialism
intermediate stage between capitalism and communism
Vladimir Lenin
revised marx’s idea by introducing communist party, war as catalyst for revolution, dictatorship or proletariat, and led Bolshevik Revolution
Bolshevik Revolution/ Oct. Revolution, 1917
Lenin tried to portray Bolsheviks as big, Germany allowed Lenin to get back to Russia to disrupt them, overthrew gov’t and established themselves
Civil War, early 1920s
whites- anticommunists with competing interests vs reds- communists organized by Trotsky, committed, ruthless, disciplined army
Cheka
Russian secret police later called the KGB whose job was to remove political rivals, enforce conformity, and surveille
USSR in 1920s
industrialization, housing crisis, gov’t intervention, censorship but allowed creativity that supported Lenin’s ideas
Joseph Stalin
emerged as Lenin’s successor and took his ideas up several notches
Stalinism- 3 major ideas
Socialism in one country- build it up in the USSR and don’t care if others follow
Accelerate class conflict and development towards communism- collectivization (state ownership) of ag land
Communist parties in other countries must subordinate to Soviets
Famine
allowed by Stalin as a result of collectivization to break up the peasant resistance
Gulag Camps
labor camps used for Stalin’s designated enemies
Great Purges, 1937-1939
Intense period of randomized persecution by Stalin due to his distrust of literally everyone, sent people to camps and executions
