6 - changes in attitudes to punishment in the 20th century

History

What were the two main views on prison punishment in the 20th century?

Retribution (harsh punishment, hard labor, isolation) and Rehabilitation (counseling, education, training).

What is the purpose of Category A prisons?

To house prisoners requiring maximum security.

What are Category D prisons?

‘Open prisons’ where certain privileges can be granted to prisoners.

What major change in punishment influenced prison reforms in the 20th century?

The abolition of corporal and capital punishment.

What were Borstals, and when were they established?

Established in 1908, Borstals were strict institutions for 15-21 year olds, focusing on education rather than punishment.

When was corporal punishment (the birch) abolished in Borstals?

1962.

When was the minimum age for Borstals raised, and when were they abolished?

Raised to 17 in 1969; abolished in 1982.

What are Young Offenders Institutions, and when were they established?

Established in 1988, they reform violent young offenders aged 18-21.

Where is the only Young Offenders Institution in Wales?

Parc Prison in Bridgend.

What are Secure Training Centres, and who are they for?

They focus on education and rehabilitation for offenders up to age 18 to prevent reoffending.

What are Juvenile Prisons, and what is their aim?

Prisons for 16-18 year olds, focusing on reform.

Why were Open Prisons introduced after WWII?

To house non-violent prisoners with a low risk of escape, helping them resettle into the community.

Where is the Open Prison in Wales?

Usk.

What is the function of Prescoed prison?

It became a Category D prison for men serving the latter part of their sentence.