ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA

Flashcards covering the key concepts and vocabulary related to acid-base equilibria based on the given lecture notes.

Brønsted-Lowry Acids

Substances that donate H+ ions in a chemical reaction.

Brønsted-Lowry Bases

Substances that accept H+ ions in a chemical reaction.

pH

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, calculated as the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration.

pOH

A measure of the basicity of a solution, calculated as the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration.

Amphiprotic substances

Substances that can act as both acids and bases depending on the context.

Arrhenius acids

Substances that produce H+ ions when dissolved in water.

Arrhenius bases

Substances that produce OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Conjugate acid-base pairs

Two species that differ by a single proton (H+); an acid donates a proton to become its conjugate base.

Strong acids

Acids that dissociate 100% in aqueous solution.

Weak acids

Acids that only partially dissociate in aqueous solution.

Hydroxide ions (OH−)

Anions produced by bases in aqueous solutions.

Hydronium ions (H3O+)

Cations formed when H+ ions bond with water molecules.

Electrolytes

Substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity.

Litmus test

A simple method using litmus paper to determine if a substance is acidic or basic.

Ion-product constant for water (Kw)

The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water into H+ and OH− ions at a given temperature.

Dissociation

The process by which molecules separate into smaller particles such as atoms, ions or radicals.

pH meter

An electronic device used to measure the pH of a solution.

Sour taste

A characteristic of acids experienced when they are consumed.